Đề chuẩn 06 - có lời giải chi tiết

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

Question 50: What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language?

     A. Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions.

     B. Babies begin to understand words in songs.

     C. Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.

     D. Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

Question 49: The word "emphasize" is closest in meaning to ______________.

     A. stress                        B. leave out                   C. explain                      D. repeat

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

Question 48: What does the passage mainly discuss?

     A. The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language

     B. How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development

     C. The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice

     D. How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

Question 47: The word "They" refers to ______________.

     A. words                       B. mothers                    C. investigators             D. babies

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

Question 46: The word "diverse" is closest in meaning to ______________.

     A. different                   B. surrounding              C. stimulating               D. divided

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

Question 45: The passage mentions all of the followings as the ways adults modify their speech when talking to babies EXCEPT ______________.

     A. speaking with shorter sentences                    B. giving all words equal emphasis

     C. using meaningless sounds                              D. speaking more loudly than normal

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

Question 44: According to the author, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them?

     A. They can remember them easily.

     B. They focus on the meaning of their parents' word.

     C. They enjoy the sound.

     D. They understand the rhythm.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

Question 43: Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2?

     A. Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language.

     B. Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways.

     C. Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language.

     D. The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     A small but growing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are being to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called "mismatch theory", which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the "ancestral environment". The one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.

     Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided-that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a "natural" and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is it depiction of the "animal" in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw "civilization" as an oppressive force that thwarts basic animal instincts and urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a large threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human

nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.  

Question 42: Where in the passage does the author suggest a conflict between the way of living?

     A. line 1−4                    B. line 10−14                C. line 16−18                D. line 18−20

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     A small but growing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are being to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called "mismatch theory", which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the "ancestral environment". The one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.

     Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided-that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a "natural" and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is it depiction of the "animal" in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw "civilization" as an oppressive force that thwarts basic animal instincts and urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a large threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human

nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.

Question 41: In the passage, evolutionary psychologists suggest that in modern society

     A. victims are always punished                          B. people's better natures are denied

     C. repressed people are kind and gentle             D. people suffer from repression

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     A small but growing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are being to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called "mismatch theory", which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the "ancestral environment". The one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.

     Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided-that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a "natural" and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is it depiction of the "animal" in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw "civilization" as an oppressive force that thwarts basic animal instincts and urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a large threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human

nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.

Question 40: The word "by gone" could be replaced by

     A. overlooked               B. forgotten                  C. past                           D. original

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     A small but growing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are being to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called "mismatch theory", which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the "ancestral environment". The one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.

     Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided-that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a "natural" and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is it depiction of the "animal" in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw "civilization" as an oppressive force that thwarts basic animal instincts and urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a large threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human

nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.

Question 39: The word "one" refers to the

     A. mismatch theory                                            B. field

     C. modern environment                                      D. ancestral environment

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     A small but growing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are being to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called "mismatch theory", which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the "ancestral environment". The one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.

     Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided-that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a "natural" and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is it depiction of the "animal" in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw "civilization" as an oppressive force that thwarts basic animal instincts and urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a large threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human

nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.

Question 38: According to the passage, the death of many young people in industrial countries is mainly caused by

     A. murder                     B. traffic accidents       C. suicide                      D. depression

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     A small but growing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are being to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called "mismatch theory", which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the "ancestral environment". The one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.

     Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided-that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a "natural" and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is it depiction of the "animal" in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw "civilization" as an oppressive force that thwarts basic animal instincts and urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a large threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human

nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.

Question 37: The word "contours" is closest in meaning to

     A. actions                      B. limits                        C. structures                  D. outlines

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     A small but growing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are being to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called "mismatch theory", which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the "ancestral environment". The one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.

     Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided-that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a "natural" and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is it depiction of the "animal" in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw "civilization" as an oppressive force that thwarts basic animal instincts and urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a large threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human

nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.

Question 36: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

     A. How evolutionary psychology manages modern society

     B. The problems of illness caused by modern society

     C. The importance of ancestral environment

     D. Evolutionary psychologists' views on the nuclear family.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

DO SMALLER CLASSES REALLY HELP?

 In an experiment in Canada, ten-year-old children were put in classes of four sizes: 16, 23, 30 and 37 children in (31)____ class. Their teachers said that the smaller classes would result in more individual attention and better marks. However, when the children were (32)____, those in the smaller classes didn’t get higher marks than the others, except in mathematics. Moreover, children in the larger classes said they liked school (33)____ as much. Perhaps the most surprising result was the difference between what teachers expected and the actual results obtained. More than 90% of the teachers expected the smaller classes to (34)____ well. After teaching these smaller classes, over 80% of the teachers thought the pupils had done better. However, according to the researchers, nothing of the (35)____ happened. Class size seemed to make a difference only to the teachers’ own attitudes - and not to the results they obtained. (Source: “Longman Tests in Contexts” by J.B. Heaton)

Question 35: A. sort         B. type                          C. variety                      D. form

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

DO SMALLER CLASSES REALLY HELP?

 In an experiment in Canada, ten-year-old children were put in classes of four sizes: 16, 23, 30 and 37 children in (31)____ class. Their teachers said that the smaller classes would result in more individual attention and better marks. However, when the children were (32)____, those in the smaller classes didn’t get higher marks than the others, except in mathematics. Moreover, children in the larger classes said they liked school (33)____ as much. Perhaps the most surprising result was the difference between what teachers expected and the actual results obtained. More than 90% of the teachers expected the smaller classes to (34)____ well. After teaching these smaller classes, over 80% of the teachers thought the pupils had done better. However, according to the researchers, nothing of the (35)____ happened. Class size seemed to make a difference only to the teachers’ own attitudes - and not to the results they obtained. (Source: “Longman Tests in Contexts” by J.B. Heaton)

Question 34: A. make       B. do                             C. test                            D. obtain

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

DO SMALLER CLASSES REALLY HELP?

 In an experiment in Canada, ten-year-old children were put in classes of four sizes: 16, 23, 30 and 37 children in (31)____ class. Their teachers said that the smaller classes would result in more individual attention and better marks. However, when the children were (32)____, those in the smaller classes didn’t get higher marks than the others, except in mathematics. Moreover, children in the larger classes said they liked school (33)____ as much. Perhaps the most surprising result was the difference between what teachers expected and the actual results obtained. More than 90% of the teachers expected the smaller classes to (34)____ well. After teaching these smaller classes, over 80% of the teachers thought the pupils had done better. However, according to the researchers, nothing of the (35)____ happened. Class size seemed to make a difference only to the teachers’ own attitudes - and not to the results they obtained. (Source: “Longman Tests in Contexts” by J.B. Heaton)

Question 33: A. only        B. so                              C. just                            D. also

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

DO SMALLER CLASSES REALLY HELP?

 In an experiment in Canada, ten-year-old children were put in classes of four sizes: 16, 23, 30 and 37 children in (31)____ class. Their teachers said that the smaller classes would result in more individual attention and better marks. However, when the children were (32)____, those in the smaller classes didn’t get higher marks than the others, except in mathematics. Moreover, children in the larger classes said they liked school (33)____ as much. Perhaps the most surprising result was the difference between what teachers expected and the actual results obtained. More than 90% of the teachers expected the smaller classes to (34)____ well. After teaching these smaller classes, over 80% of the teachers thought the pupils had done better. However, according to the researchers, nothing of the (35)____ happened. Class size seemed to make a difference only to the teachers’ own attitudes - and not to the results they obtained. (Source: “Longman Tests in Contexts” by J.B. Heaton)

Question 32: A. tested      B. experimented           C. taught                       D. checked

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

DO SMALLER CLASSES REALLY HELP?

 In an experiment in Canada, ten-year-old children were put in classes of four sizes: 16, 23, 30 and 37 children in (31)____ class. Their teachers said that the smaller classes would result in more individual attention and better marks. However, when the children were (32)____, those in the smaller classes didn’t get higher marks than the others, except in mathematics. Moreover, children in the larger classes said they liked school (33)____ as much. Perhaps the most surprising result was the difference between what teachers expected and the actual results obtained. More than 90% of the teachers expected the smaller classes to (34)____ well. After teaching these smaller classes, over 80% of the teachers thought the pupils had done better. However, according to the researchers, nothing of the (35)____ happened. Class size seemed to make a difference only to the teachers’ own attitudes - and not to the results they obtained. (Source: “Longman Tests in Contexts” by J.B. Heaton)

Question 31: A. every       B. one                           C. each                          D. either

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions:

Question 30: Christmas has become too commercialized. Most people agree on that.

A. Christmas has become too commercialized, so most people agree on that.

B. Most people agree on Christmas, which has become too commercialized.

C. Christmas has become too commercialized, just as most people agree.

D. Most people agree that Christmas has become too commercialized

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions:

Question 29: I didn’t know that you were at home. I didn’t drop in.

     A. I didn’t know you were at home although I didn’t drop in

     B. Not knowing that you were at home, I didn’t drop in

     C. If I knew you were at home, I would drop in

     D. Not knowing that you were at home, but I still dropped in

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 28: I’m sure it wasn’t Mr Phong you saw because he’s in Ha Noi.

     A. It couldn’t be Mr Phong you saw because he’s in Ha Noi.

     B. You mustn’t have seen Mr Phong because he’s in Ha Noi.

     C. It can’t have been Mr Phong because he’s in Ha Noi.

     D. Mr Phong is in Ha Noi, so you might have seen him.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 27: Although he was very tired, he agreed to help me cook dinner.

     A. Tired as he was, he agreed to help me with my cook.

     B. He agreed to help me cook dinner, so he got tired.

     C. He was too tired to help me cook dinner.

     D. I wanted him to help me cook dinner as I was tired.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 26: “Why don’t you ask your boss for a rise?” he asked me

     A. He advised me to ask my boss for a rise

     B. He suggested asking my boss for a rise

     C. He asked me why I didn’t ask my boss for a rise

     D. He wanted to know whether I wished for a rise from my boss

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 25: It is widely known that the excessive use of pesticides is producing a detrimental effect on the local groundwater.

     A. useless                      B. harmless                   C. fundamental             D. damaging

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 24: His boss has had enough of his impudence, and doesn’t want to hire him any more.

     A. respect                      B. agreement                 C. obedience                 D. rudeness

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.

Question 23: The repeated commercials on TV distract many viewers from watching their favourite films.

     A. advertisements         B. contests                    C. businesses                 D. economics

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.

Question 22: E-cash cards are the main means of all transactions in a cashless society.

     A. cash-starved             B. cash-strapped           C. cash-in-hand             D. cash-free

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Question 21: Jane: “I think I am going to miss the train”

Jenny: “_________ you to the station if you like”

     A. I would take            B. I am taking               C. I’ll take                     D. I’m going to take

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Question 20: Charles: “Thanks so much for looking after the children!”

Lisa: “__________________”

     A. That’s all right. Anytime                               B. I’m fine, thanks

     C. Of course, not                                               D. That sounds nice

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 19: A good friend should _________ you whatever happens.

     A. be in favor of           B. take after                  C. stand by                    D. bring around

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 18: There is a huge amount of _______ associated with children’s TV shows today.

     A. merchandising          B. manufacturing          C. sales                          D. produce

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 17: Such ________________ that we didn’t want to go home.

     A. was a beautiful flower display                      B. beautiful flower display was

     C. a beautiful flower display was                       D. a beautiful flower display

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 16: I would be very rich now ________ working long ago.

     A. If I gave up                                                    B. If I wouldn’t give up

     C. Were I to give up                                           D. had I not given up

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 15: For this recipe to be successful, you _____ cook the meat for at least two hours in a moderate oven.

     A. needs                        B. must                         C. ought                        D. will

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 14: The new school complex cost ______ the city council had budgeted for.

     A. just twice as much as                                     B. twice more by far than

     C. twice much more than                                   D. almost twice as much as

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 13: _______ is a time that is supported to be free from worries.

     A. child                         B. childlike                   C. childish                     D. childhood

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 12: With so much _______, I’m lucky to be in work.

     A. employees                B. employers                 C. employment              D. unemployment

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 11: Some 3000 people die a year in the United States _______ using cocaine, according to a survey.

     A. because                    B. therefore                   C. during                       D. after

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 10: I had a red pen but I seem to have lost it; I think I’d better buy ______ one.

     A. the other                   B. another                     C. others                        D. the

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 9: Most Americans don’t object _____ being called by their first names.

     A. about                        B. for                            C. in                              D. to

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 8: The existence of many stars in the sky _______ us to suspect that there may be life on another planet.

     A. lead                          B. leading                     C. have led                    D. leads

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 7: No matter what different, various music types have one thing in common: touching

                                                  A                     B                                                 C                  D

the hearts of  listeners.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 6: Tony has not rarely missed a play or concert since he was seventeen years old.

                                    A                              B              C                                               D

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 5: Good clerks are happy to wait for their customers.

                            A                     B              C                  D

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 4: A. apparatus B. prosperity C. participant D. peninsula

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 3: A. documentary B. occupation C. competitive D. individual

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 2: A. attach B. alternative C. attendance D. again

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A. plays B. says C. receives D. students