Đáp án:
$1/$
$a,$
$V_{H_2}=4,48l.$
$m_{NaOH}=16g.$
b,Quỳ tím hóa xanh.
$2/$
$m_{H_3PO_4}=39,2g.$
$3/$
$b,V_{H_2}=4,48l.$
$c,m_{H_2}(dư)=0,1g.$
$4/$
$a,m_{O_2}(dư)=3,2g.$
$b,m_{P_2O_5}=14,2g.$
$5/$
$a,m_{Cu}=16g.$
$b,a=m_{CuO}=20g.$
Giải thích các bước giải:
$1/$
$a,PTPƯ:2Na+2H_2O\xrightarrow{} 2NaOH+H_2↑$
$n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4mol.$
$Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,4mol.$
$⇒m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16g.$
$Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,2mol.$
$⇒V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l.$
b,Cho quỳ tím vào sản phẩm sau phản ứng thì quỳ tím hóa xanh vì chất sinh ra sau phản ứng là bazơ (NaOH).
$2/$
$PTPƯ:P_2O_5+3H_2O\xrightarrow{} 2H_3PO_4$
$n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{28,4}{142}=0,2mol.$
$Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{H_3PO_4}=2n_{P_2O_5}=0,4mol.$
$⇒m_{H_3PO_4}=0,4.98=39,2g.$
$3/$
$a,PTPƯ:Zn+2HCl→ZnCl_2+H_2↑$
$b,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol.$
$Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2mol.$
$⇒V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l.$
$c,PTPƯ:CuO+H_2\xrightarrow{t^o} Cu+H_2O$
$n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15mol.$
$\text{Lập tỉ lệ:}$ $\dfrac{0,15}{1}<\dfrac{0,2}{1}$
$⇒n_{H_2}$ $dư.$
$⇒n_{H_2}(dư)=0,2-\dfrac{0,15.1}{1}=0,05mol.$
$⇒m_{H_2}(dư)=0,05.2=0,1g.$
$4/$
$a,PTPƯ:4P+5O_2\xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5$
$n_{P}=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2mol.$
$n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35mol.$
$\text{Lập tỉ lệ:}$ $\dfrac{0,2}{4}<\dfrac{0,35}{5}$
$⇒n_{O_2}$ $dư.$
$⇒n_{O_2}(dư)=0,35-\dfrac{0,4.5}{2}=0,1mol.$
$⇒m_{O_2}(dư)=0,1.32=3,2g.$
$b,Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{P}=0,1mol.$
$⇒m_{P_2O_5}=0,1.142=14,2g.$
$5/$
$a,PTPƯ:CuO+H_2\xrightarrow{t^o} Cu+H_2O$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25mol.$
$Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,25mol.$
$⇒m_{Cu}=0,25.64=16g.$
$b,Theo$ $pt:$ $n_{CuO}=n_{H_2}=0,25mol.$
$⇒a=m_{CuO}=0,25.80=20g.$
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