1. Trinh spends one hour doing the gardening every day.
→ It takes/took + S + time + to_V: tốn bao nhiêu tgian để làm gì
= S + spend ( chia theo thì ) + time + V_ing
2. Although he works very hard, he can't support his large family.
→ Despite/In spite of + N/V_ing + S, S + V: mặc dù ... nhưng
= Although + S + V, S + V
3. Learning Japanese is very difficult.
→ S + Vbe + Adj + to_V = V_ing + N + Vbe + Adj
4. My school bag isn't as expensive as hers ( her school bag ).
→ so sánh bằng: S + V not + as + Adj/Adv + as + S