Exercise 3. Read the passage mark letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 11 to 15.
            Most people think of computers as very modern inventions, products of our new technological age. But actually the idea for a computer had been worked out over two centuries ago by a man (11) ______ Charles Babbage. Babbage was born in 1791 and grew up to be a brilliant mathematician. He drew up plans for several calculating machines which he called “engines”. But despite the fact that he (12) ______ building some of these, he never finished any of them. Over the years, people have argued (13) _____ his machines would ever work. Recently, however, the Science Museum in London has finished building (14) _______ engine based on one of Babbage’s designs. (15) ______ has taken six years to complete and move than four thousand parts have been specially made.
            Whether it works or not, the machine will be on show at a special exhibition in the Science Museum to remind people of Babbage’s work.
(15)
A.It 
B.He
C.They
D.One

Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
Hospitality
Hospitality - looking after visitors - is universal but in different cultures hostsare (1)______to receive guests in different ways.
In much of the ancient world it was the custom to provide passing travellers with food and water. Today some old  customs have (2)_______. In a traditional Japanese household, if a guest admires a particular object in the house, the host will want to give it to the guest straight away. And in parts of Russia guests are greeted with bread and salt on a special cloth.The guest is (3)______to kiss them and hand them back to the host. Sometimes the guest breaks off a small piece of bread, dips it in the salt and eats it.
In some countries, when foreign guests arrive from abroad, they may feel they have been given a particularly (4)______meal. But this is probably because the host politely offers more and more food and drink and the guest is too embarrassed to (5)_______anything down.
(4) 
A.dense
B.strong
C.heavy
D.wide

Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
Hospitality
Hospitality - looking after visitors - is universal but in different cultures hostsare (1)______to receive guests in different ways.
In much of the ancient world it was the custom to provide passing travellers with food and water. Today some old  customs have (2)_______. In a traditional Japanese household, if a guest admires a particular object in the house, the host will want to give it to the guest straight away. And in parts of Russia guests are greeted with bread and salt on a special cloth.The guest is (3)______to kiss them and hand them back to the host. Sometimes the guest breaks off a small piece of bread, dips it in the salt and eats it.
In some countries, when foreign guests arrive from abroad, they may feel they have been given a particularly (4)______meal. But this is probably because the host politely offers more and more food and drink and the guest is too embarrassed to (5)_______anything down.
(2) 
A.preserved
B.existed
C.survived
D.supported

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
The General Certificate of Secondary Education or the GCSE examinations for (30)_______ are the standard school-leaver qualifications taken by virtually all UK students in the May and June following their 16th birthday. If you come to a UK independent school before (31)_______ the age of 16, you will study towards GCSE examinations in up to 12 subjects. Some subjects are compulsory, including English and mathematics, and you can select (32)_______, such as music, drama, geography and history from a series of options. GCSEs provide a good all-round education that you can build on at college and eventually at university.
AS- and A-levels are taken after GCSEs. They are the UK qualifications most (33)_______ accepted for entry to university and are available in subjects from the humanities, arts, sciences and social sciences as well as in vocational subjects such (34)_______  engineering, and leisure and tourism. You can study up to four subjects at the same time for two years.
(33) 
A.wide           
B.widen          
C.widely                    
D.width

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.
The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate uncertainty or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may believe them. Here, the participant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.
 Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front.
       How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.
According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an indication of a person's ______.
A.vocal quality     
B.general physical health   
C.ability to communicate 
D.personality

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
When I came to visit her last night, she ________ a bath.
A.had                                       
B.has                             
C.is having  
D.was having

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

A.employ       
B.effort           
C.express       
D.reduce

V. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Recreational diving or sport diving is a type of diving that uses scuba equipment for the purpose of leisure and enjoyment. In some diving circles, the term "recreational diving" is used in contradistinction to "technical diving", a more demanding aspect of the sport which requires greater levels of training, experience and equipment.
Recreational scuba diving grew out of related activities such as snorkeling and underwater hunting. For a long time, recreational underwater excursions were limited by the amount of breath that could be held. However, the invention of the aqualung in 1943 by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and its development over subsequent years led to a revolution in recreational diving. However, for much of the 1950s and early 1960s, recreational scuba diving was a sport limited to those who were able to afford or make their own kit, and prepared to undergo intensive training to use it. As the sport became more popular, manufacturers became aware of the potential market, and equipment began to appear that was easy to use, affordable and reliable. Continued advances in' SCUBA technology, such as buoyancy compensators, modern diving regulators, wet or dry suits, and dive computers, increased the safety, comfort and convenience of the gear encouraging more people to train and use it.
Until the early 1950s, navies and other organizations performing professional diving were the only providers of diver training, but only for their own personnel and only using their own types of equipment. There were no training courses available to civilians who bought the first scuba equipment. Professional instruction started in 1959 when the non-profit National Association of Underwater Instructors was formed.
Further developments in technology have reduced the cost of training and diving. Scuba-diving has become a popular leisure activity, and many diving locations have some form of dive shop presence that can offer air fills, equipment and training. In tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world, there is a large market in holiday divers, who train and dive while on holiday, but rarely dive close to home. Generally, recreational diving depths are limited to a maximum of between 30 and 40 meters (100 and 130 feet), beyond which a variety of safety issues make it unsafe to dive using recreation diving equipment and practices, and specialized training and equipment for technical diving are needed.
According to the second paragraph, in the 1950s and early 1960s, recreational scuba diving was a sport limited because _______.
A.divers did not like to take part in any intensive training courses
B.there were not any intensive training courses for divers
C.there were not enough kit for many divers
D.kit and intensive training were too expensive for many people to afford

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40.
TATTOOING: AN ANCIENT TRADITION
Tattooing is an old art. In ancient Greece, people who had tattoos were regarded as members of the upper classes. On the other hand, tattooing was (36) __________ in Europe by the early Christians, who thought that it was a sinful thing to do. It was not until the late 18th century, when Captain Cook saw South Sea Islander decorating their bodies with tattoos that attitudes began to change. Sailors came back from these islands with pictures of Christ on their backs and from then on, tattooing (37)__________ in popularity. A survey by the French army in 1881 showed that among the 387 men (38) __________there were 1,333 designs.
Nowadays, not everybody finds tattoos acceptable. Some people thing that getting one is silly because tattoos are more or less permanent. There is also some (39) __________ about catching a blood disease from unsterilized needles. Even for those who do want a tattoo, the process of getting one is not painless, but the final result, in their eyes, is (40) __________ the pain.
(38) 
A.inquired                  
B.questioned              
C.spoken                    
D.demanded

(46) 
A.change                    
B.difference                
C.appearance             
D.variety