Overall, what sort of picture is painted of the future effects of global warming?    
A.on balance things are going to be satisfactory
B.potentially disastrous
C.relatively optimistic
D.disastrous

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Architecture has social purposes and meets practical needs by means of combining art and technological innovations. In building construction, however, an emergence of new materials does not make its precursors obsolete, and architectural knowledge is cumulative. The fact that today much is constructed from prefabricated concrete does not do away with brick. Furthermore, despite dramatic changes and increased technological sophistication of architectural design and construction, the essential apparatus of erecting a building has remained rooted in preindustrial traditional practices passed down during the millennia. The social and utilitarian expectations of structures are largely based on elemental demands of keeping out elements and enemies, ameliorating the extremes of heat, and avoiding the instruction of wind, precipitation, and pests.
Gravity, air pressure, and earthquakes can induce tensions that have to be accounted for when constructing functional enclosed space. Vertical stacking of masonry materials causes compression that can lead to important problems when a structure is spanned to build a roof and connect walls. Arches, vaults, and domes were specifically developed to alleviate the compression by directing the spanning element along a curve rather than a straight line. Building suspension structures, dams, and tunnels became possible in the nineteenth century with the increased availability of steel that could reinforce structural frames and enable them to withstand natural forces previously believed to be insurmountable.
Functional evolutions of modern buildings create new demands on the analysis of structural behavior and engineering. Few occupants of skyscrapers view elevators as elaborate systems of vertical transportation. Humidity and temperature control, forced ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, sanitation and disposal of waste, electrical wiring, and fire prevention make very tall constructions engineering marvels that also must be aesthetically pleasing and physically convenient.
Erecting a structure involves a great deal more than merely attending to the aesthetics and psychological experience of architectural space. The shape, size, and incombustibility of locally available construction materials fostered developments of specific technologies, and brick and stone masonry have evolved in response to the need for structural durability. Advances in civil engineering and knowledge associated with properties of building materials combine to lead to innovations in architectural design. Tools and skills required to exploit easily obtainable materials have continued to inform the development of modern industrialized technologies.
What can be inferred from the passage about reducing the effects of material compacting?
A.Downward pressure is dispersed by semicircular roofs.
B.Masonry is stacked vertically by increasing compression.
C.Vertical roofs are bent to counteract air pressure.
D.Buildings are spanned to account for the force of gravity.

The author indicates that the ruby-throated hummingbird is found                       .
A.throughout North America  
B.in California
C.in South America              
D.in the eastern part of North America

III. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the following sentences. 
Last week, we spent an ______ day at my uncle’s farm.
A.enjoy 
B.enjoyable
C.enjoyed
D.enjoys

Which of the following is NOT a traditional source of energy?
A.solar energy 
B.oil
C.coal
D.gas

In the Middle East, people do not use their left hands for eating because they use their left hands______
A.when preparing the meal
B.to put in their pockets
C.to clean their tables and chairs
D.when going to the bathroom

He was rude to her and treated her badly. .................. , she ran away from him.
A.So
B.Therefore
C.And
D.Because

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 46 to 50.
In today’s fast-paced industry, learning will most likely involve seeking new skills in ways that challenge the norm. But thankfully, there is a promise for such lifelong learning online - the promise that will save your time and money while helping you earn more of both.
Provided you have access to a decent computer and the Internet, the barrier to getting started is probably lower than it ever has been. And with those things in place, it is a matter of finding the content you wish to learn. So, to help others who may be looking to maximize their own learning efforts, I have listed some quick tips below.
First, set achievable goals. When you start learning, it is a good idea to set goals about what you want to learn or what you might do with your newly acquired knowledge. It might be landing that new job, building a tangible product, or impressing your current management. The goals may vary in size and complexity, but do revisit these goals throughout your learning process. Within a couple weeks, ask yourself: “Am I getting closer to my goal?” or “Am I learning the skills necessary to reach my goals?”. If you are not, then you may need to look elsewhere.
Second, learn with others. By yourself, learning anything has a high propensity to become frustrating. Try teaming up with friends or colleagues. They can often be your best resource for maintaining motivation while you learn.
Third, make it a habit. Online habits often include scrolling through social media or watching videos on YouTube. If you have the downtime for such activities, then you could spend that downtime learning something. And why not learn something? If you do, then you will have plenty more to talk about on social media anyways. So, make learning your new online habit by making a commitment to learn something new each day.
What does the word “both” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.industry and technology          
B.new skills and ways
C.time and money       
D. lifelong and online learning

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D for each sentence.
The bay _______ by the enemy many years ago.
A.was used to be attacked  
B.used to be attacked
C.was used for being attacked
D.used to attack

Which of the following is the best definition of "regs", according to the passage?
A.They are deserts which have a lot of mountains.
B.They are deserts of which surfaces are stony.
C.They are the driest deserts where clay is found.
D.They are deserts which comprise of sand dunes.