Reported speech with gerund: (câu gián tiếp với danh động từ)

 Động từ tường thuật + V-ing.......

* Động từ tường thuật:deny, admit, suggest, regret...........
Ex: He said to me; “Let’s go home”
-> He suggested going home
 Động từ tường thuật + giới từ + Ving…
* Động từ tường thuật: : dream of, object to, insist on, complain about, think of, look forward to.........
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
 Động từ tường thuật + giới từ + tân ngữ + Ving…
* Động từ tường thuật: thank sb for, accuse sb of, congratulate sb on, apologize sb for, warn sb against, prevent sb from, stop sb from…
Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.
---> Tom thanked me for helping him.
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said.
---> Peter apologised for being late.
Danh động từ tường thuật thường đi theo động từ tường thuật “suggest” trong các mẫu câu đề nghị sau:
• Why don’t you/ Why not / How about -> suggest + sb + V-ing
• Let’s / Let’s not -> suggest + V-ing/ suggest + not+ V-ing
• Shall we/ It’s a good idea -> suggest + V-ing.
a. Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:
S + thanked + s.o + for + v-ing
S + apologized for + (not) + v-ing
S + apologized + to + s.o + for + (not) + v-ing
Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.
---> Tom thanked me for helping him.
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said.
---> Peter apologised for being late.
b. Chúc mừng:
S + congratulated + s.o + on + v-ing
Ex: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!”
---> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.
“I hear you passed your exams. Congratulations!” John said to us.
-> Tom congratulated us on passing our exams
c. Cương quyết, khăng khăng:
S + insisted + on + v-ing…
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
“I’ll drive you to the station. I insist,” Peter said to Linda
-> Peter insisted on driving Linda to the station
d. Cảnh báo, ngăn cản:
Lời cảnh báo như : be careful, be dangerous
a. S + warned + s.o + to verb…
b. S + warned + s.o + against + v-ing …
ex1: “Be careful of strangers and don’t go out at night”; he said
-> He warned us to be careful strangers and not to out at night
Ex2: “Don’t stay at the near the airport,” I said to Ann
-> I warned Ann against staying at the hotel near the airport
Ex3: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said to Linda.
---> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone at night.
Ngăn cản: S + prevented, stopped + s.o + from + v-ing…
Ex1: “Stay here! I can’t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane
-> Her mother prevented Jane from going out that night
Ex2: “Sit here. I can’t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me.
---> Mary prevented me from standing all the time.
e. Chấp nhận hoặc phủ nhận:
Ex1: “We stole his money,” they said.
---> They admitted stealing his money.
Ex2: “I didn’t steal his money,” she said.
---> She denied stealing his money.
f. Đề nghị, gợi ý:
S + suggest + (not) + V-ing …
S1 + suggest (ed) + That + S2 + should + bare infinitive
Ex: He said to me; “Let’s go home”
-> He suggested going home
-> He suggested that we should go home
Ex: “Let’s go out for a drink,” Susan said.
---> Susan suggested going out for a drink.
g. Tố cáo, buộc tội:
Ex: “You took some of my money,” he said.
---> He accused me of taking some of his money.
h. Mơ ước:
S + dreamed + of + v-ing…
Ex: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said.
---> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.
“I’ve always wante to be rich, ” Bob said
-> Bob had always dreamed of being rich
i. Sự suy nghĩ về cái gì:
S + think (thought) + of +v-ing…
Ex: John’s wife: The house is very nice! We’ll certainly buy it
John : I think so
-> John and his wife were thinking of buying the house.
k. Sự chấp nhận:
S + admitted + v-ing…
Detective: You have stolen Mrs. Brown’s car!
The thief: Yes…! But…
-> The thief admitted stealing/having stolen Mrs Brown’s car .
l. Sự mong đợi
S + looked forward to + v-ing…
Ex: “Mr.Smith: I feel like meeting our children soon”
Mrs Smith: I think so
-> Mr and Mrs. Smith looked forward to meeting their children soon

VI.Câu tường thuật của câu điều kiện

1. Câu điều kiện loại 1:

Công thức tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 1 – điều kiện thật có thể xảy ra, chúng ta đổi thì của động từ theo qui tắc thông thường của câu tường thuật.

Ví dụ:

• If I winthe lottery tomorrow, I will travel around the world.
  
  → She said if she won the lottery the next day, she would travel around the world.
  
  (Cô ấy nói nếu cô ấy trúng số ngày hôm sau thì cô ấy sẽ đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới)

2. Câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3:

Với câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 – điều kiện không có thật, chúng ta không đổi thì của câu điều kiện trong câu tường thuật mà chỉ đổi các đại từ hoặc trạng từ cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh.

Ví dụ:

• It would be best if we started early.
  
  → He said it would be best if they started early.
• Các