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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Architecture has social purposes and meets practical needs by means of combining art and technological innovations. In building construction, however, an emergence of new materials does not make its precursors obsolete, and architectural knowledge is cumulative. The fact that today much is constructed from prefabricated concrete does not do away with brick. Furthermore, despite dramatic changes and increased technological sophistication of architectural design and construction, the essential apparatus of erecting a building has remained rooted in preindustrial traditional practices passed down during the millennia. The social and utilitarian expectations of structures are largely based on elemental demands of keeping out elements and enemies, ameliorating the extremes of heat, and avoiding the instruction of wind, precipitation, and pests.Gravity, air pressure, and earthquakes can induce tensions that have to be accounted for when constructing functional enclosed space. Vertical stacking of masonry materials causes compression that can lead to important problems when a structure is spanned to build a roof and connect walls. Arches, vaults, and domes were specifically developed to alleviate the compression by directing the spanning element along a curve rather than a straight line. Building suspension structures, dams, and tunnels became possible in the nineteenth century with the increased availability of steel that could reinforce structural frames and enable them to withstand natural forces previously believed to be insurmountable.Functional evolutions of modern buildings create new demands on the analysis of structural behavior and engineering. Few occupants of skyscrapers view elevators as elaborate systems of vertical transportation. Humidity and temperature control, forced ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, sanitation and disposal of waste, electrical wiring, and fire prevention make very tall constructions engineering marvels that also must be aesthetically pleasing and physically convenient.Erecting a structure involves a great deal more than merely attending to the aesthetics and psychological experience of architectural space. The shape, size, and incombustibility of locally available construction materials fostered developments of specific technologies, and brick and stone masonry have evolved in response to the need for structural durability. Advances in civil engineering and knowledge associated with properties of building materials combine to lead to innovations in architectural design. Tools and skills required to exploit easily obtainable materials have continued to inform the development of modern industrialized technologies.
Câu 1: The purpose of paragraph 3 is to suggest that ________.


A. skyscrapers need to be appealing and convenient for their occupants


B. tall buildings require large amounts of wiring to make them functional


C. architectural innovations pose new challenges for technological development


D. architects of modern buildings create a demand for engineering talent
Câu 2: The word "fostered" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.


A. focused                   


B. founded                  


C. enveloped                           


D. encouraged
Câu 3: The word “ withstand" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ___________.


A. withdraw                


B. withhold                 


C. endure                                


D. enlarge
Câu 4: What can be inferred from the passage about reducing the effects of material compacting?


A. Downward pressure is dispersed by semicircular roofs.


B. Masonry is stacked vertically by increasing compression.


C. Vertical roofs are bent to counteract air pressure.


D. Buildings are spanned to account for the force of gravity.
Câu 5: What is the main topic of the passage?


A. The profound importance of tradition in architecture.


B. The modern art of architecture and social pressure.


C. The mutual impact of architecture and technology.


D. The great technological advances in building materials.
Câu 6: The author mentions the word "brick" in paragraph 1 as an example of which of the following?


A. How new design can improve traditional construction


B. How new knowledge can supplant traditional technology


C. How old techniques can continue to remain practical


D. How old buildings can coexist with modern architecture
Câu 7: It can be inferred from the passage that pragmatic requirements of buildings _________.


A. retain essential sophistication


B. hold constant over time


C. stay rooted in the elements


D. stagnate over millennia

A.
B.
C.
D.
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Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of the sentences in the following questions.
Câu 1: John was not here yesterday. Perhaps he was ill.


A. John might have been ill yesterday, so he was not here.


B. Because of his illness, John shouldn't have been hare yesterday.


C. John must have been ill yesterday, so he was not here.


D. Although John was ill yesterday, he need be here.
Câu 2: Mary loved her stuffed animal when she was young. She couldn't sleep without it.


A. As Mary couldn't sleep without her stuffed animal when she was young, she loved it.


B. When Mary was young, she loved her stuffed animal so as not to sleep without it.


C. When Mary was young, she loved her stuffed animal so much that she couldn't sleep without it.


D. When Mary was young, she loved her stuffed animal although that she couldn't sleep without it.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Câu 1: She had only just put the phone down when her boss rang back.


A. Hardly had she put the phone down when her boss rang back.


B. No sooner had she put the phone down when her boss rang back.


C. Hardly did she put the phone down when her boss rang back.


D. Hardly she had put the phone down when her boss rang back.
Câu 2: People rumour that the leader has been suffering from a rare disease.


A. A rare disease is rumoured to be causing suffering to the leader.


B. It was rumoured that the leader has been suffering from a rare disease.


C. The leader is rumoured to have been suffering from a rare disease.


D. The leader has been rumoured to suffer from a rare disease.
Câu 3: "No, I won't go to work at the weekend." Said Sally.


A. Sally apologized for not going to work at the weekend.


B. Sally regretted not going to work at the weekend.


C. Sally refused to go to work at the weekend.


D. Sally promised to go to work at the weekend.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question.
Câu 1: I'm sorry because I've lost the key to the drawer ________ all the important papers are kept.


A. which                     


B. whose                     


C. who                                                


D. where
Câu 2: Mary _________ with her dolls when she was younger.


A. used to play 


B. is used to playing  


C. used to playing 


D. is used to play
Câu 3: Susan is fed ________ with the housework.


A. of                            


B. up                           


C. at                                        


D. on
Câu 4: If I were you, I __________ for that English course.


A. would have applied    


B. will apply


C. would apply


D. should apply
Câu 5: My sister _________ for you for an hour.


A. was looking


B. is looking  


C. has been looking 


D. looked
Câu 6: She wrote her composition carefully to avoid ________ mistakes.


A. to make    


B. made                       


C. making                               


D. will make
Câu 7: The employer suffered from depression _________ by overwork and ill-health.


A. brought on 


B. taken up


C. come about  


D. put through
Câu 8: Tom painted his room black. It looks dark and deary. He _________ a different color.


A. should choose  


B. must have chosen  


C. should have chosen


D. has to choose
Câu 9: The investors bought a deserted warehouse __________ convert it into a shopping mall for the townspeople.


A. so that  


B. lest they may        


C. with a view to


D. in order to
Câu 10: She is __________ than her sister.


A. the most beautiful


B. more beautiful 


C. beautifully                          


D. the beautiful
Câu 11: I don't think Peter will reject that job offer, ___________?


A. do I   


B.  will he 


C. don't I   


D. won't he
Câu 12: I heard __________ that Jack has been dropped from the basket team.


A. in the woods     


B. on the olive branch    


C. on the grapevine 


D. under your feet
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The development of writing (41) ________ a huge difference to the world, and we might see it as the beginning of (42) ________ . Pieces of pottery with marks on are probably numbers that have been discovered in China that date back from around 4000 BC. Hieroglyphics and other forms of picture writing developed in the (43) ________ around Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). where the ancient Sumerian civilization was based, from around 3,300 BC onwards. However, the first (44) ________ alphabet was used by the Phoenicians around 1.050 BC. Their alphabet had 22 letters and it is estimated that it lasted for 1,000 years. The first two signs were called “aleph" and “beta"’, which in Greek became “alpha” and “beta”, which gave us the (45) ________ word “alphabet”.The modern European alphabet is based on the Greek and (46) ________ to other European countries under the Romans. A number of changes took place as time passed. The Romans added the letter G, and the letter J and V were (47) ________ to people in Shakespeare’s time.If we (48) ________ the history of punctuation, we also find some interesting facts. The Romans used to write ‘quest’ at the end of a sentence in (49) ________ to show that it was a question. They started to write Qo in (50) ________  of the whole word, and then put the Q above o, in the end, that became the question mark “?”.
Câu 1: _________ (41)


A. did


B. had


C. made


D. took
Câu 2: _________ (42)


A. media


B. bulletin


C. programme


D. journalism
Câu 3: _________ (43)


A. distance


B. area


C. length


D.  earth
Câu 4: _________ (44)


A. true


B.  accurate


C.  exact


D. precise
Câu 5: _________ (45)


A. new


B. trendy


C. modern


D. fashionable
Câu 6: _________ (46)


A. spread


B. appeared


C. was


D. occurred
Câu 7: _________ (47)


A. infamous


B.  unpopular


C. unknown


D. hidden
Câu 8: _________ (48)


A. look into


B. bring on


C. make off


D. hold up
Câu 9: _________ (49)


A. turn


B.  fact


C. order


D. intention
Câu 10: _________ (50)


A. position


B. space


C. spot


D.  place
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.A small but iỉrowing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are beginning to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called “mismatch theory”, which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the “ancestral environment” - the one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death amona young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests, for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided - that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a “natural” and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly natural in light of evolutionary psychology appear to have been eroded largely by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is its depiction of the “animal” in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw “civilization” as an oppressive force that thwarts basic mimal instincts, then urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a larger threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.Notes:-                      malady (n): a serious problem (một vấn đề nghiêm trọng).-                      homicide (n): hành động giết người.-                      nostalgia (n): nỗi luyến tiếc quá khứ, lòng hoài cổ.-                     evolutionary psychology (n): tâm lí học tiến hóa.-                      transmute (v): chuyển hóa, biến đổi bản chất.-                      thwart (v): càn trở.
Câu 1: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?


A. How evolutionary psychology manages modern society.


B. The problems of illness caused by modern society.


C. The importance of ancestral environment.


D. Evolutionary psycholoíỉists’ views on the nuclear family.
Câu 2: The word “contours” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________ .


A. actions


B. limits


C. structures


D. outlines
Câu 3: According to the passage, the death of many young people in indusirial counưies is mainly caused by _________ .


A. murder


B. traffic accidents


C. suicide


D. depression
Câu 4: The word “one” in paragraph 1 refers to the _________ .


A. mismatch theory


B. field


C. modern environment  


D. ancestral environment
Câu 5: It can be inferred from the passage that evolutionary psychologists dislike nostalgia for the 1950s because ___________ .


A. it was an unhealthy time to live


B. the nuclear family provided an unsatisfactory lifestyle


C. women who wished to go out to work were misguided


D. family life was seen to be unnalural
Câu 6: The word “bygone” in paragraph 2 could be replaced by __________ .


A. overlooked


B. forgotten


C. past


D. original
Câu 7: According to the passage, Freud and other psycholoeists thought civilization ________ .


A. showed that people have animal instincts


B. greatly improved peopfe's lives


C. encouraged people to use the basic instincts


D. caused madness in some people
Câu 8: In this passage, the word "civility” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________ .


A. courtesy


B. politeness


C. morality


D.  formality
Câu 9: In the passage, evolutionary psychologists suggest that in modern society _______ .


A. victims are always punished 


B.  people’s better natures are denied


C. repressed people are kind and gentle


D. people suffer from repression
Câu 10: Where  in the passage does the author suggest a conflict between the ways of living?


A. The second sentence of paragraph 1.


B. The first two sentences of paragraph 2.


C. The fourth and fifth sentences of paragraph 2.


D. The last two sentences of paragraph 2.
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