Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were once such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.
Câu 1: The paragraph preceding the passage probably discusses _____.
A. the urbanization in the United States in the nineteen century.
B. the industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life the United States in the nineteen century.
C. the formal schooling in the United States in the nineteen century.
D. the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society in the nineteen century.
Câu 2: It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was _____.
A. the growing number of schools in frontier communities
B. an increase in the number of trained teachers
C. the expanding economic problems of schools
D. the increased urbanization of the entire country
Câu 3: The word "means" in line 5 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. advantages
B. probability
C. method
D. qualifications
Câu 4: The phrase "coincided with" in line 7 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. was influenced by
B. happened at the same time as
C. began to grow rapidly
D. ensured the success of
Câu 5: According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920's was that _____.
A. most places required children to attend school
B. the amount of time spent on formal education was limited
C. new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education
D. adults and children studied in the same classes
Câu 6: Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in line 9 to illustrate _____.
A. alternatives to formal education provided by public schools
B. the importance of educational changes
C. activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programs.
D. the increased impact of public schools on students.
Câu 7: According to the passage, early-twentieth century education reformers believed that _____.
A. different groups needed different kinds of education
B. special programs should be set up in frontier communities to modernize them
C. corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress
D. more women should be involved in education and industry
Câu 8: The word "it" in line 19 refers to _____.
A. consumption
B. production
C. homemaking
D. education
Câu 9: Women were trained to be consumer homemakers as a result of _____.
A. overproduction in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States
B. scarcity in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States
C. economic necessity in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States
D. income-producing activities in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States
Câu 10: Which paragraph mentions the importance of abilities and experience in formal schooling?
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
024.7300.7989
1800.6947
A.
B.
C.
D.
Câu 1: The paragraph preceding the passage probably discusses _____.
A. the urbanization in the United States in the nineteen century.
B. the industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life the United States in the nineteen century.
C. the formal schooling in the United States in the nineteen century.
D. the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society in the nineteen century.
Câu 2: It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was _____.
A. the growing number of schools in frontier communities
B. an increase in the number of trained teachers
C. the expanding economic problems of schools
D. the increased urbanization of the entire country
Câu 3: The word "means" in line 5 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. advantages
B. probability
C. method
D. qualifications
Câu 4: The phrase "coincided with" in line 7 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. was influenced by
B. happened at the same time as
C. began to grow rapidly
D. ensured the success of
Câu 5: According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920's was that _____.
A. most places required children to attend school
B. the amount of time spent on formal education was limited
C. new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education
D. adults and children studied in the same classes
Câu 6: Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in line 9 to illustrate _____.
A. alternatives to formal education provided by public schools
B. the importance of educational changes
C. activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programs.
D. the increased impact of public schools on students.
Câu 7: According to the passage, early-twentieth century education reformers believed that _____.
A. different groups needed different kinds of education
B. special programs should be set up in frontier communities to modernize them
C. corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress
D. more women should be involved in education and industry
Câu 8: The word "it" in line 19 refers to _____.
A. consumption
B. production
C. homemaking
D. education
Câu 9: Women were trained to be consumer homemakers as a result of _____.
A. overproduction in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States
B. scarcity in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States
C. economic necessity in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States
D. income-producing activities in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States
Câu 10: Which paragraph mentions the importance of abilities and experience in formal schooling?
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
024.7300.7989
1800.6947
A.
B.
C.
D.
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