Bài 1. a, Các từ in đậm trong những đoạn thơ sau từ nào được dùng theo nghĩa gốc, từ nào được dùng theo nghĩa chuyển? Cho biết phương thức chuyển nghĩa của các trường hợp chuyển nghĩa đã tìm được. - Áo anh rách vai Quần tôi có vài mảnh vá Miệng cười buốt giá Chân không giày Thương nhau tay nắm lấy bàn tay. Đêm nay rừng hoang sương muối Đứng cạnh bên nhau chờ giặc tới Đầu súng trăng treo. (Chính Hữu, Đồng chí) - Ngửa mặt lên nhìn mặt có cái gì rưng rưng (Nguyễn Duy, Ánh trăng) b, Mặt trời của bắp thì nằm trên đồi Mặt trời của mẹ, em nằm trên lưng. (Nguyễn Khoa Điềm, Khúc hát ru những em bé lớn trên lưng mẹ) Trong hai câu thơ trên, từ “mặt trời” nào được dùng theo nghĩa gốc, từ nào dùng theo nghĩa chuyển? Chuyển nghĩa như vậy có tác dụng gì? Có thể coi đây là hiện tượng một nghĩa gốc của từ phát triển thành từ nhiều nghĩa được không? Vì sao?

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3. Would rather : thích, muốn a. Would rather + bare- Inf. * Would rather do sth than do sth ( thích làm cái gì hơi cái gì) Eg : - I'd rather read books than watch TV. - We'd rather play the piano than the guitar. * Would rather do sth / not do sth - We'd rather stay at home. - George would rather not go out. * Would rather S did sth / didn't do sth ( Muốn ai làm gì)( trái với thực tế hiện tại) Eg : - I'd rather you stopped smoking now. - I'd rather you didn't smoke. * Would rather S had done sth / hadn't done sth( Muốn ai làm gì)( trái với thực tế quá khứ) Eg : - I'd rather you had come here yesterday. - You didn't come here yesterday. - I'd rather she hadn't said that. b. Prefer * Prefer to do / doing sth (thích làm cái gì) Eg : - I prefer to live / living in the country. * Prefer sth to sth - Eg : - She prefers tea to coffee. * Prefer doing sth to doing sth Eg : - I prefer playing the guitar to going swimming. - Lan prefers playing football to tennis. * Would prefer to do sth Eg : - I'd prefer to stay at home. * Would prefer sb to do sth / not to do sth Eg : - I 'd prefer you to finish your work by 5 o'clock. Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences 1. We'd prefer you not to smoke.  We'd rather you didn’t smoke. 2. He would prefer you to pay him immediately.  He'd rather . 3. No, please don't tell her.  I'd rather 4. Would you mind not smoking here ?  I'd rather 5. I prefer staying at home to going out.  I'd rather 6. I don't really want to have lunch yet.  I'd rather 7. I'd prefer you to deliver the sofa on Friday.  I would rather 8. She prefers Italian food to French food.  She'd 9. I'd rather go out for a meal than stay at home.  I prefer 11. I'd rather not see him tomorrow.  I don't 4. It's time * It's time to do sth Eg : - It's time to go home now. * It's time for sb to do sth - Eg : - It's time for us to go home now. * It's ( about / high) time sb did sth Eg : - It's 10 o'clock now. It's time he got up. - You are too lazy. It's about time you worked hard. Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences 1. I think the City Council should do something about the city's traffic problems.  It's high time 2.The house seemed to have been unoccupied for several years.  It looked as if 3. The children should start doing their homework now.  It is time 4. Fares will be likely to go up again this summer.  It looks as if 5. I really think you ought to acquire a few manners.  It's high time 6. You really should be able to dress yourself by now.  It's high 7. We'd better buy a new cooker.  It's 8. I had better get back to work.  It's 9. I think it may rain.  It looks