Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsBefore the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Causes of food spoilage
B. Commercial production of ice
C. Inventions that led to changes in the American diet
D. Population movements in nineteenth century
Câu 2: The phrase “in season” in paragraph 1 refers to
A. a kind of weather
B. a particular time of year
C. an official schedule
D. a method of flavoring food
Câu 3: The word “prevent” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. estimate
B. avoid
C. correct
D. confine
Câu 4: During the 1860’s, canned food products were
A. unavailable in rural areas
B. shipped in refrigerator cans
C. available in limited quantities
D. a staple part of the American diet
Câu 5: It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use
A. before 1860
B. before 1890
C. after 1900
D. after 1920
Câu 6: The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to
A. refrigerator cars
B. perishables
C. growers
D. distances
Câu 7: The author implies that in the 1920’s and 1930’s home deliveries of ice
A. decreased in number
B. were on an irregular schedule
C. increased in cost
D. occurred only in the summer
A.
B.
C.
D.
Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Causes of food spoilage
B. Commercial production of ice
C. Inventions that led to changes in the American diet
D. Population movements in nineteenth century
Câu 2: The phrase “in season” in paragraph 1 refers to
A. a kind of weather
B. a particular time of year
C. an official schedule
D. a method of flavoring food
Câu 3: The word “prevent” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. estimate
B. avoid
C. correct
D. confine
Câu 4: During the 1860’s, canned food products were
A. unavailable in rural areas
B. shipped in refrigerator cans
C. available in limited quantities
D. a staple part of the American diet
Câu 5: It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use
A. before 1860
B. before 1890
C. after 1900
D. after 1920
Câu 6: The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to
A. refrigerator cars
B. perishables
C. growers
D. distances
Câu 7: The author implies that in the 1920’s and 1930’s home deliveries of ice
A. decreased in number
B. were on an irregular schedule
C. increased in cost
D. occurred only in the summer
A.
B.
C.
D.
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