lntemationally renowed scientists sent lichens samples to Nylander because__.
A.be considered them to be simple plants.
B.he used reagents to determine their use.
C.he analyzed and classified them.
D.he collected and preserved them.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that has the same meaning as the original one.
It would have been better if the teacher had reminded us of the deadline.
A.It doesn’t matter that the teacher didn't remind us of the deadline.
B.The teacher might have reminded us of the deadline.
C.Reminding us of the deadline was a good way for the teacher.
D.The teacher should have reminded us of the deadline.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that has the same meaning as the original one.
Many students regret not having taken the opportunity to learn English when they were at high school.
A.Many students are sorry that they had taken the opportunity to learn English at high school.
B.Many students should have chosen to learn English when they were at high school.
C.It’s a pity that many students have never been able to learn English at high school.
D.Many students wish that they had learned English when they were at high school.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that has the same meaning as the original one.
The sooner we solve this problem, the better it will be for all concerned.
A.If we can solve this problem soon, it will be better for all concerned.
B.If all concerned are better, we can solve this problem soon.
C.It would be better for all concerned if we can solve this problem soon.
D.If we could solve this problem soon, it would be better for all concerned.

According to the nineteenth - century theories, which elements form the composition of lichens?
A.odine and chemical reagents
B.algae and fungi
C.hypochlorite and odine
D.chemical reagents and atmospheric chemicals.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

A.diverse
B.fashion
C.justice
D.enter

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
I knew she was only flattering me because she wanted to borrow some money.
A.teasing
B.threatening
C.praising
D.helping

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
My father, who is an accomplished guitarist, taught me how to play the guitar.
A.ill-educated
B.unimpaired
C.qualified
D.unskilled

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.
All living cells in an animal's body require energy to power the various chemical processes going in inside them. This energy is ultimately supplied by the food that animals eat. These chemical processes are collectively referred to as metabolism, and one of the byproducts of metabolism is heat. Metabolic rates vary significantly between species. Warm-blooded animals (birds and mammals) have metabolic rates about five to ten times higher than those of similarly sized cold-blooded ones (reptiles, amphibians, and fishes). And it is precisely because birds and mammals have such high metabolic rates that they are able to keep their bodies warm.
The terms warm-blooded and cold-blooded are still in everyday use, but they are not entirely precise. Anyone who has handled a snake knows this because a snake’s body actually feels quite warm. But very little of the snake’s body heat originates internally, from its cells, most of it having been supplied from the outside, either by the sun or by a heat lamp. Instead of referring to reptiles as cold-blooded, they are best described as ectothermic, meaning “outside heat”. Similarly, birds and mammals are said to be endothermic, meaning “inside heat”.
There are advantages and disadvantages to each thermal strategy. Reptiles are usually sluggish first thing in the morning, their body temperatures having dropped during the cool of the night. Accordingly, they have to bask in the sun to raise their body temperatures, but once they have warmed up sufficiently, they can go about their business. By altering between the sun when they are too cool, and the shade when they are too warm, many reptiles are able to maintain their body temperatures at optimum levels of about 95°F or more. Endotherms, on the other hand, maintain temperatures of about 98°F all the time, so they are always ready for action.
I used to keep a crocodile. He had very sharp teeth, and I had to be careful how I handled him during the daytime, when he was warm. But I could do whatever I wanted at night, when he was cold, without any fear of being bitten. The obvious disadvantage of being ectothermic is that the animal’s activity levels are dependent upon the environment. But its low metabolic rates mean that it requires far less food, which is an advantage. I used to feed the crocodile a tiny piece of liver once a week, while the family cat demanded three meals every day. We should therefore not think that reptiles are inferior to mammals and birds; they are just different.
What does the word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.cells
B.snakes
C.reptiles
D.mammals

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.
All living cells in an animal's body require energy to power the various chemical processes going in inside them. This energy is ultimately supplied by the food that animals eat. These chemical processes are collectively referred to as metabolism, and one of the byproducts of metabolism is heat. Metabolic rates vary significantly between species. Warm-blooded animals (birds and mammals) have metabolic rates about five to ten times higher than those of similarly sized cold-blooded ones (reptiles, amphibians, and fishes). And it is precisely because birds and mammals have such high metabolic rates that they are able to keep their bodies warm.
The terms warm-blooded and cold-blooded are still in everyday use, but they are not entirely precise. Anyone who has handled a snake knows this because a snake’s body actually feels quite warm. But very little of the snake’s body heat originates internally, from its cells, most of it having been supplied from the outside, either by the sun or by a heat lamp. Instead of referring to reptiles as cold-blooded, they are best described as ectothermic, meaning “outside heat”. Similarly, birds and mammals are said to be endothermic, meaning “inside heat”.
There are advantages and disadvantages to each thermal strategy. Reptiles are usually sluggish first thing in the morning, their body temperatures having dropped during the cool of the night. Accordingly, they have to bask in the sun to raise their body temperatures, but once they have warmed up sufficiently, they can go about their business. By altering between the sun when they are too cool, and the shade when they are too warm, many reptiles are able to maintain their body temperatures at optimum levels of about 95°F or more. Endotherms, on the other hand, maintain temperatures of about 98°F all the time, so they are always ready for action.
I used to keep a crocodile. He had very sharp teeth, and I had to be careful how I handled him during the daytime, when he was warm. But I could do whatever I wanted at night, when he was cold, without any fear of being bitten. The obvious disadvantage of being ectothermic is that the animal’s activity levels are dependent upon the environment. But its low metabolic rates mean that it requires far less food, which is an advantage. I used to feed the crocodile a tiny piece of liver once a week, while the family cat demanded three meals every day. We should therefore not think that reptiles are inferior to mammals and birds; they are just different.
What is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Many retiles can be very dangerous during the day.
B.Mammals have more stable temperatures than reptiles.
C.Not all reptiles are cold-blooded.
D.All reptiles often hibernate in winter in order to survive well.