- Chất ĐL mạnh: $HNO_3, NaOH, K_2CO_3, Ba(OH)_2, NaCl, HCl, H_2SO_4, NaHCO_3, Ca(OH)_2$.
$HNO_3\to H^+ + NO_3^-$
$NaOH\to Na^+ + OH^-$
$K_2CO_3\to 2K^+ + CO_3^{2-}$
$Ba(OH)_2\to Ba^{2+}+2OH^-$
$NaCl\to Na^+ + Cl^-$
$HCl\to H^+ +Cl^-$
$H_2SO_4\to 2H^+ +SO_4^{2-}$
$NaHCO_3\to Na^+ +HCO_3^-$
$Ca(OH)_2\to Ca^{2+}+ 2OH^-$
- Chất ĐL yếu: $H_3PO_4, H_2S, HClO, HNO_2, Cu(OH)_2, Al(OH)_3, H_2SO_3, HF$
$H_3PO_4\rightleftharpoons 3H^+ + PO_4^{3-}$
$H_2S\rightleftharpoons 2H^+ + S^{2-}$
$HNO_2\rightleftharpoons H^+ +NO_2^-$
$Cu(OH)_2\rightleftharpoons Cu^{2+}+ 2OH^-$
$Al(OH)_3\rightleftharpoons Al^{3+}+ 3OH^-$
$H_2SO_3\rightleftharpoons 2H^+ +SO_3^{2-}$
$HF\rightleftharpoons H^+ + F^-$
- Chất không ĐL: còn lại