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Exercise 5. Complete the sentences with the words below.worldwide           restore                 photosynthesisalternative          encourage           establish              clear
Câu 1: You can take the bus as a(n)                    to driving a car.
Câu 2: Global warming has accelerated  and had a negative effect                 .
Câu 3: Consumers have been                   to use environmentally friendly products.
Câu 4:                    is a process by which green plants and other organisms turn carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen, using light energy.
Câu 5: To                means to set up or initiate.
Câu 6: The trees in this area were                    off for crops and the construction of public facilities.
Câu 7: The trees in this area were                    off for crops and the construction of public facilities.

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Exercise 4. Change the following sentences in direct speech to reported speech.During a group discussion on environmental threats,...
Câu 1: Nam said (that), "The environment is severely affected by pollution."
Câu 2: Mai said (that), "The burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution."
Câu 3: Peter said (that), "Intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil contaminated."
Câu 4: Tony said (that), "The disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans leads to water pollution."
Câu 5: Mary said (that), "Loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway nearby cause noise pollution."
Câu 6: Mai said (that), "The rising sea level is a product of global warming, a natural phenomenon. The only unnatural thing about global warming is the accelerated rate at which it is happening."
Câu 7: Linda said (that), "Environmental pollution is an impact of human activities on the environment."

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Exercise 2. Use the following words to complete the sentencespeople              environment             plants             pollution        preservation           depletion            animals          impact
Câu 1: The             of the ozone layer is not a good thing for the Earth.
Câu 2: We need to protect the                   for the next generation.
Câu 3: Deforestation will lead to the extinction of rare                  due to the loss of their habitats, and extreme floods and land erosion.
Câu 4: Worldwide rainforest                            has been the aim of many environmentalists.
Câu 5:                      should make efforts to preserve the environment for the sake of themselves and their children.
Câu 6: Environmental                      is one of the greatest and most urgent problems in modern times.
Câu 7: Many countries have signed up to international agreements which aim to reduce the negative                     of climate change.
Câu 8: Any amateur gardener knows                     need two things to survive: sunlight and water.

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Exercise 5. Read the text and fill each gap with a word or phrase from the box.a.Internet               b. 'digital natives'              c. computers            d. apps                   e. devicesMobile technology can help students open the door to new horizons, making their learning flexible, motivating and speedy. It is not difficult to understand why more and more schools are encouraging mobile learning in the classroom. Smartphones, tablet (1)                     , e-readers, netbooks and laptops, etc. are gradually becoming great learning tools for students.Mobile devices make learning flexible. School computer labs with desktops are wonderful but they are not handy. Students cannot use them in the school yard during the break time or in the school canteen while they wait for lunch. Mobile learning (2)       aredifferent. They are light, portable and convenient. Students can carry these devices with them wherever they want and whenever they like.Mobile learning is motivating. Students are more excited and inspired to study when they work with different types of apps. These (3)                 not only help them understand the materials better but also motivate them to study harder both in and out of the classroom. Motivation and inspiration can lead to good results, and good results can lead to more motivation and inspiration.Mobile learning makes education speedy. Without having to leave the school building, students can instantly get information or materials necessary for their study. This can be done easily thanks to mobile devices with WiFi. The (4)                   brings the whole world into the classroom and it takes students just a few seconds to access this wonderful world of knowledge and information. Mobile technology is already here. It is up to each school to choose the time when they allow the use of mobile devices and the extent to which their (5)           can take full advantage of these devices. Hopefully,they can make the right decision quickly to help broaden students' learning opportunities both inside and outside of class.
Câu 1: (1)
Câu 2: (2) 
Câu 3: (3) 
Câu 4: (4)
Câu 5: (5) 

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Exercise 4. Finish the incomplete sentences, using which, that, who or whose.
Câu 1: Quang answered the phone. He told me you were out.
Quang........................................................................            
Câu 2: A computer technician served us. He was very nice.
A computer technician................................................................... 
Câu 3: The article is about smartphones. They have become excellent study tools.
The article is.................................................................................. 
Câu 4: This tablet is mine. Its screen has been scratched.
This tablet...................................................................................... 
Câu 5: Do you know the name of the man? His laptop was broken.
Do you............................................................................................ 
Câu 6: An e-book is an electronic book. It can be read on a mobile device.
An e-book is.................................................................................. 

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Exercise 6. Write complete sentences about air pollution, using the words and phrases below. You may have to add linking words and make changes in the word form, if necessary.
Câu 1: One / biggest environmental impacts of human activities / air pollution
Câu 2: Smoke / aircrafts / factory chimneys / bonfires / different kinds of vehicles / streets / many / other factors / damage / clean air / every day
Câu 3: Industrial factories / throw / air / huge amounts / pollutant gases
Câu 4: The air / many areas / so unclean that / people / have to / masks / going / streets
Câu 5: Air pollution / lead / greenhouse effect / make / temperature / Earth's surface / higher
Câu 6: Global warming / lead / polar ice caps melting / rise of worldwide sea levels / climate changes / other natural disasters.
Câu 7: Everyone / live / earth / should have / responsibility / reduce / air pollution / protect clean air / our survival
Câu 8: Worldwide governments / should have / control measures / reduce air pollution / and / protect / natural environment / future generation

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Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
Câu 1: People say that they bought this shop last year.=>It is
Câu 2: "How much do you think it will cost?" he said to me.
=>He asked me ____________________________________________
Câu 3: Mr.Brown's team has lost the game. He looks very sad.=>Mr. Brown whose
Câu 4: Do you know the man who sat next to me at Nam’s birthday party last night?=>You know
Câu 5: It takes Minh 2 hours to do his homework every day.
=>Minh spends_____________________________________________
Câu 6: We were late for school because of the heavy rain.=>Because it
Câu 7: My mother used to make us clean the house.
=>We used__________________________________________
Câu 8:  "I'm working in a restaurant, and don't care much for it."she said
=>She said    
Câu 9: It’s two years since I last spoke to her. =>I haven’t
Câu 10: Going swimming in the river in the summer is interesting. =>It

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Read the second part of the text about ecotourism and answer the questions.As for transportation, ecotourists might prefer a biking or walking tour to a bus tour which may contribute to air pollution. They often avoid travelling on a cruise ship, as a cruise ship is a great source of air and water pollution, with harmful emissions sent into the air and passengers' waste dumped into the sea. A cruise ship might also cause damage to coral reefs and the ecosystem that it travels near.What about accommodation? Ecotourists choose hotels and tourism companies that hire mainly local staff, as a way to contribute to the local economy. They can also directly benefit the local people by staying in their homes and studying local traditions.What else makes tourists become ecotourists? Ecotourists take part in activities or projects to protect the local environment, such as recycling used products or cleaning up the beach. In general, if they make their trip environmentally and socially responsible, they are ecotourists.
Câu 1: Why do ecotourists prefer a biking or walking tour to a bus tour?
Câu 2: In what way can a cruise ship become a source of air and water pollution?
Câu 3: How do ecotourists benefit the local economy and local people?
Câu 4: What activities or projects can ecotourists take part in to protect the local environment?

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