I. Cấu trúc câu bị động:
1. Hiện tại đơn: S + is/am/are + VpII + (by + O)
Ví dụ: English is studied by Mary everyday.
2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn: S + is/am/are + being + VpII+ (by + O)
Ví dụ: Some trees are being planted (by him) now.
3. Quá khứ đơn: S + was/were + VpII + (by + O)
Ví dụ: A letter was written (by her) yesterday.
4. Quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + was/were +being + VpII + (by + O)
Ví dụ: A car was being bought at 9 am yesterday.
5. Hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have/ has + been + VpII + (by + O)
Ví dụ: A new bike has been given to me by my parents on my birthday.
6. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn: S + have/ has + been + being +VpII+(by + O)
Ví dụ: This car has been being repaired by John for 2 hours.
7. Quá khứ hoàn thành: S + had + been + VpII + (by O)
Ví dụ: His report had been finished before 10 p.m yesterday.
8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn: S + had + been + being + VpII + (by + O)
Ví dụ: The essay had been being typed for 3 hours before you came yesterday.
9. Tương lai đơn: S + will + be + VpII + (by O)
Ví dụ: A lot of things will be done tomorrow.
10. Tương lai tiếp diễn: S + will + be + being + VpII + (by O)
Ví dụ: Her children will be being taken care of at this time tomorrow.
11. Tương lai hoàn thành: S + will + have + been + VpII + (by O)
Ví dụ: Her studying will have been finished by the end of this year.
12. Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn: S + will + have +been + being + VpII + (by O)
Ví dụ: English will have been being taught by me for 5 years by next week.
II. Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp:
Câu trực tiếp => Câu gián tiếp
1. Hiện tại đơn -> Quá khứ đơn
2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ tiếp diễn
3. Hiện tại hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành
4. Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành
5. Quá khứ tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
6. Tương lai đơn: will/ shall -> would/ should
7. Tương lai gần: be going to -> was/were going to
8. can -> could
9. will -> would
10. shall -> should
11. must -> had to
12. may -> might
