Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
In the first form, known as primary cooperation, groups and individuals fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s works are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.
Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage?




A.It was confined to prehistoric times
B.It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate.
C.it is an ideal that can never be achieved.
D.It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills.

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
Fifty-five delegates representing all thirteen states except Rhode Island attended the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia from May to September 1787. The delegates had been instructed by the Continental Congress to revise the old Articles of Confederation, but most believed that a stronger central government was needed. There were differences, however, about what structure the government should take and how much influence large states should have.
Virginia was by far the most populous state, with twice as many as people as New York, four times as many as New Jersey, and ten times as many as Delaware. The leader of the Virginia delegation, James Madison, had already drawn up a plan for government, which became known as the Large State Plan. Its essence was that congressional representation would be based on population. It provided for two or more national executives. The smaller states feared that under this plan, a few large states would lord over the rest. New Jersey countered with the Small State Plan. It provided for equal representation for all states in a national legislature and for a single national executive. Angry debate, heightened by a stifling heat wave, led to deadlock.
A cooling of tempers seemed to come with lower temperatures. The delegates hammered out an agreement known as the Great Compromise- actually a bundle of shrewd compromises. They decided that Congress would consist of two houses. The larger states were granted representation based on population in the lower house, the House of Representatives. The smaller states were given equal representation in the upper house, the Senate, in which each state would have two senators regardless of population. It was also agreed that there would be a single executive, the president. This critical compromise broke the logjam, and from then on, success seemed within reach.

It can be inferred from the passage that the Articles of Confederation




A.were supported by a majority of the delegates at the Convention
B.were revised and presented as the Large State Plan
C.allowed small states to dominate large ones
D.provided for only a weak central government

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Many people fail …………the driver’s test on the first try.




A.passing
B.to pass
C.in passing
D.to have passed

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
She’s got 100 percent on the exam and the other students were below 70 percent. She’s…………….above the rest.




A.head and neck
B.shoulders and arms
C.head and shoulders
D.neck and ears

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
I can’t wear this coat to work because there are two buttons ……………




A.missing
B.loosing
C.falling
D.tearing

As stated in the passage, a flu outbreak and the bogus claims of a wrinkle cream tend to ______.




A.be warmly welcomed by the public
B.be treated with equal alarm
C.involve natural and man-made disasters
D.be scarce breaking news

…………orangutans live alone.




A.Near all
B.Almost all
C.The all
D.The most

The movie is……..Shakespeare’s Hamlet in a number of ways.




A.like to
B.alike with
C.similar to
D.same as

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.




A.recognize
B.militant
C.continent
D.memorial

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
In the first form, known as primary cooperation, groups and individuals fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s works are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.
The word “fragile” is closest in meaning to




A.inefficient
B.easily broken
C.poorly planned
D.involuntary