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The Sloth What is a sloth? Did you know that a sloth is a slow-moving animal that lives in trees? Sometimes people are called sloths, but that’s not because they live in trees; rather, it’s because they are moving so slowly. A sloth spends most of its time hanging upside down in a tree. A sloth will eat, sleep, and give birth hanging upside down! Their curved claws make it easy for them to hang onto the tree. Sloths are four-legged animals. They spend almost all of their lives up in a tree. They walk upside down along the branches. Sloths are also known to be good swimmers. Sloths are found in Central and South America. The sloth is nocturnal, which means it is active at night instead of the day. This means that it sleeps during the day. The sloth usually keeps to itself, although some female sloths congregate in small groups. The sloth has a thick, brown coat of fur. They are plant-eaters and eat mostly leaves, tender shoots, and fruit. The sloth has green algae growing on its fur. The sloth will lick the algae for nutrients. The algae also helps protect the sloth from enemies. Eagles, jaguars, and humans hunt the sloth. The algae growing on the sloth helps to camouflage it. 1. In order for a sloth to live in a tree, it needs . . . a. courage. . b. to be the right size. c. curved claws d. to eat only plants. 2. According to the passage, how do sloths keep from being eaten? a. They are easily hidden. b. They are camouflaged by green algae. c. They are slow moving. d. They have thick, brown fur. 3. Why did the author include the first paragraph? a. to introduce the main points about the sloth b. to clear up misconceptions about the sloth c. to generate questions about the sloth d. to identify the food eaten by the sloth 4. The best way to find the answer to question #3 above is to . . . a. reread the entire passage. b. reread the first paragraph and determine the main idea. c. look for the words “sloth” and “habitat.” d. skim the passage and look for clues.

Killer Whales Have you ever heard of the killer whale? Did you know that killer whales live in oceans all over the world? They are found mostly in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans, where the water is cold. Killer whales can also be spotted on both shores of the United States. Killer whales have been spotted in warmer waters such as the Bahamas and the Gulf of Mexico. This just goes to show how adaptable the killer whale can be. How do killer whales differ from other whales? One way is in their coloring. A killer whale is striking in its coloring of black and white. This makes it easy to spot. Killer whales have a sleek body form. They are smaller when compared to most whales. Killer whales are typically 19–22 feet long and can weigh anywhere from 8,000 to 12,000 pounds. Killer whales get their name for a reason. They are the top predators in the ocean. Killer whales will eat almost any kind of sea animal including sea lions, fish, squid, seals, walruses, birds, sea turtles, penguins, and otters. It’s been recorded that even a moose has been found in the stomach of a killer whale. Killer whales are very agile and can move quickly through the water. In fact, they are the fastest swimming marine mammals. This speed and agility makes it easy for the killer whale to hunt. Often times, killer whales will hunt in groups. This improves their chances of catching prey. 1. What is this passage mainly about? a. how the killer whale eats b. predators of the killer whale c. the different types of whales d. general facts about the killer whale 2. In the last paragraph, what does the word recorded mean? a. tape recorded b. documented c. measured d. opened 3. To improve their chances of catching prey, killer whales often . . . a. hunt animals that can’t swim. b. hunt tiny animals. c. hunt in groups. d. attack at sunset. 4. Based on information in the passage, how did the killer whale get its name? a. by hunting in groups b. by being black and white c. by being smaller than most whales d. by being the top predator of the ocean