Mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions
To be quite honest, I can’t stand the taste of cigarettes.
A.Honestly, cigarettes make me ill.
B.Frankly, the taste of cigarettes doesn’t bother me.
C.In fact, I strongly dislike the taste of cigarettes.
D.As a matter of fact, I prefer to be seated while smoking.

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question
Mesa Verde is the center of prehistoric Anasazi culture. It is located in the high plateus lands near Four Corners, whereColorado, Utal,New Mexico, andArizonacome together. This high ground majestic but not forbidding. The climate is dry but tiny streams trickle at the bottom of deeply cut canyons, where seeps and springs provided water for the Anasazi to irrigate their crops. Rich red soil provided fertile ground for their crops of corn, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton. The Anasazi domestated the wild turkey and hunted deer, rabbits, and mountain sheep.
For a thousand years the Anasazi lived around Mesa Verde. Although the Anasazi are not related to the Navajos, no one knows what these Indians called themselves, and so they are commonly referred to by their Navajo name, Anasazi, which means “ancient ones” in the Navajo language.
From 550 A.D., early Anasazi – then a nomadic people archaeologists call the Basketmakers- began constructing permanent homes on mesa tops. In the next 300 years , the Anasazi made rapid technological advancements, including the refinement of not only basket-making but also pottery-making and weaving. This phase of development is referred to as the Early Pueblo Culture.
By the Great Pueblo Period (1100- 1300 A.D.), the Anasazi population swelled to more than 5,000 and the architecturally ambitious cliff dwellings came into being. The Anasazi moved from the mesa tops onto ledges on the steep canyon walls, creating two- and three- story dwellings. They used sandstone blocks and mud mortar. There were no doors on the first floor and people used ladders to reach the first floor. All the villages had underground chambers called kivas. Men held tribal councils there and also used them for secret religious ceremonies and clan meetings. Wilding paths, ladders and steps cut into the stone led from the valleys below to the ledges on which the village stood. The largest settlement contained 217 rooms. One might surmise that these dwellings were built for protection, but the Anasazi had no known enemies and there is no sign of conflict.
But a bigger mystery is why the Anasazi occupied these structures such a short time. By 1300, mesa Verde was deserted. It is conjectured that the Anaszi abandoned their settlements because of drought, overpopulation, crop failure, or some combination of these. They probably moved sourthward and were incorporated into the pueblo villages that the Spanish explorers encountered 200 years later. Their descendants still live in the Southwest.
According to the passage, the Anasazi buildings were made primarily of
A.mud
B.blocks of wood
C.sandstone
D.the skins of animals

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question
Mesa Verde is the center of prehistoric Anasazi culture. It is located in the high plateus lands near Four Corners, whereColorado, Utal,New Mexico, andArizonacome together. This high ground majestic but not forbidding. The climate is dry but tiny streams trickle at the bottom of deeply cut canyons, where seeps and springs provided water for the Anasazi to irrigate their crops. Rich red soil provided fertile ground for their crops of corn, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton. The Anasazi domestated the wild turkey and hunted deer, rabbits, and mountain sheep.
For a thousand years the Anasazi lived around Mesa Verde. Although the Anasazi are not related to the Navajos, no one knows what these Indians called themselves, and so they are commonly referred to by their Navajo name, Anasazi, which means “ancient ones” in the Navajo language.
From 550 A.D., early Anasazi – then a nomadic people archaeologists call the Basketmakers- began constructing permanent homes on mesa tops. In the next 300 years , the Anasazi made rapid technological advancements, including the refinement of not only basket-making but also pottery-making and weaving. This phase of development is referred to as the Early Pueblo Culture.
By the Great Pueblo Period (1100- 1300 A.D.), the Anasazi population swelled to more than 5,000 and the architecturally ambitious cliff dwellings came into being. The Anasazi moved from the mesa tops onto ledges on the steep canyon walls, creating two- and three- story dwellings. They used sandstone blocks and mud mortar. There were no doors on the first floor and people used ladders to reach the first floor. All the villages had underground chambers called kivas. Men held tribal councils there and also used them for secret religious ceremonies and clan meetings. Wilding paths, ladders and steps cut into the stone led from the valleys below to the ledges on which the village stood. The largest settlement contained 217 rooms. One might surmise that these dwellings were built for protection, but the Anasazi had no known enemies and there is no sign of conflict.
But a bigger mystery is why the Anasazi occupied these structures such a short time. By 1300, mesa Verde was deserted. It is conjectured that the Anaszi abandoned their settlements because of drought, overpopulation, crop failure, or some combination of these. They probably moved sourthward and were incorporated into the pueblo villages that the Spanish explorers encountered 200 years later. Their descendants still live in the Southwest.
According to the passage, the Anasazi entered their buildings on the ledges
A.through doors on the first floor
B.by means of some stairways
C.from underground chambers
D.by means of ladders

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question
Mesa Verde is the center of prehistoric Anasazi culture. It is located in the high plateus lands near Four Corners, whereColorado, Utal,New Mexico, andArizonacome together. This high ground majestic but not forbidding. The climate is dry but tiny streams trickle at the bottom of deeply cut canyons, where seeps and springs provided water for the Anasazi to irrigate their crops. Rich red soil provided fertile ground for their crops of corn, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton. The Anasazi domestated the wild turkey and hunted deer, rabbits, and mountain sheep.
For a thousand years the Anasazi lived around Mesa Verde. Although the Anasazi are not related to the Navajos, no one knows what these Indians called themselves, and so they are commonly referred to by their Navajo name, Anasazi, which means “ancient ones” in the Navajo language.
From 550 A.D., early Anasazi – then a nomadic people archaeologists call the Basketmakers- began constructing permanent homes on mesa tops. In the next 300 years , the Anasazi made rapid technological advancements, including the refinement of not only basket-making but also pottery-making and weaving. This phase of development is referred to as the Early Pueblo Culture.
By the Great Pueblo Period (1100- 1300 A.D.), the Anasazi population swelled to more than 5,000 and the architecturally ambitious cliff dwellings came into being. The Anasazi moved from the mesa tops onto ledges on the steep canyon walls, creating two- and three- story dwellings. They used sandstone blocks and mud mortar. There were no doors on the first floor and people used ladders to reach the first floor. All the villages had underground chambers called kivas. Men held tribal councils there and also used them for secret religious ceremonies and clan meetings. Wilding paths, ladders and steps cut into the stone led from the valleys below to the ledges on which the village stood. The largest settlement contained 217 rooms. One might surmise that these dwellings were built for protection, but the Anasazi had no known enemies and there is no sign of conflict.
But a bigger mystery is why the Anasazi occupied these structures such a short time. By 1300, mesa Verde was deserted. It is conjectured that the Anaszi abandoned their settlements because of drought, overpopulation, crop failure, or some combination of these. They probably moved sourthward and were incorporated into the pueblo villages that the Spanish explorers encountered 200 years later. Their descendants still live in the Southwest.
According to the passage, the LEAST likely reason that Anasazi abandoned Mesa Verde was
A.drought
B.overpopulation
C.war
D.crop failure

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question
Mesa Verde is the center of prehistoric Anasazi culture. It is located in the high plateus lands near Four Corners, whereColorado, Utal,New Mexico, andArizonacome together. This high ground majestic but not forbidding. The climate is dry but tiny streams trickle at the bottom of deeply cut canyons, where seeps and springs provided water for the Anasazi to irrigate their crops. Rich red soil provided fertile ground for their crops of corn, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton. The Anasazi domestated the wild turkey and hunted deer, rabbits, and mountain sheep.
For a thousand years the Anasazi lived around Mesa Verde. Although the Anasazi are not related to the Navajos, no one knows what these Indians called themselves, and so they are commonly referred to by their Navajo name, Anasazi, which means “ancient ones” in the Navajo language.
From 550 A.D., early Anasazi – then a nomadic people archaeologists call the Basketmakers- began constructing permanent homes on mesa tops. In the next 300 years , the Anasazi made rapid technological advancements, including the refinement of not only basket-making but also pottery-making and weaving. This phase of development is referred to as the Early Pueblo Culture.
By the Great Pueblo Period (1100- 1300 A.D.), the Anasazi population swelled to more than 5,000 and the architecturally ambitious cliff dwellings came into being. The Anasazi moved from the mesa tops onto ledges on the steep canyon walls, creating two- and three- story dwellings. They used sandstone blocks and mud mortar. There were no doors on the first floor and people used ladders to reach the first floor. All the villages had underground chambers called kivas. Men held tribal councils there and also used them for secret religious ceremonies and clan meetings. Wilding paths, ladders and steps cut into the stone led from the valleys below to the ledges on which the village stood. The largest settlement contained 217 rooms. One might surmise that these dwellings were built for protection, but the Anasazi had no known enemies and there is no sign of conflict.
But a bigger mystery is why the Anasazi occupied these structures such a short time. By 1300, mesa Verde was deserted. It is conjectured that the Anaszi abandoned their settlements because of drought, overpopulation, crop failure, or some combination of these. They probably moved sourthward and were incorporated into the pueblo villages that the Spanish explorers encountered 200 years later. Their descendants still live in the Southwest.
The name Anasazi used for themselves
A.means “ ancient ones” in the Anasazi language
B.was given to them by archeologists
C.means “ Basketmakers” in the Navajo language
D.is unknown today

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question
The Celtic languages are a group of languages on northernEuropethat are descendents of the Indo- European family of languages. These languages developed from the language of the Celts, a warlike civilization originating in the eastern part of central Europe, in the northern Alps, and along theDanubeduring the Bronze Age. The Celts reached the height of their civilization during the Iron Age in the last five centuries B.C., and then fanned out from their original homeland into many parts of continental Europe and across the channel and into theBritish Isles. Celtic languages were spoken in much of western Europe during Pre- Roman and Roman times. Places names of Celtic origin can be found today all over British Isles andFrance, in northernSpainandItaly, and inSwitzerlandand parts ofGermany.
Rather than one language, the Celtic languages consists of two distinct clusters: the Gaelic group and the Brythonic group. These two clusters of languages most likely developed from dialects of the same language, the language of the Celts in their original homeland. These two dialects were the most likely mutually intelligible to some degree as late as the fourth century. The Gaelic group of Celtic language consists of Irish, Scottish, and Manx, the language of theIsleMan.The Brythonic group of Celtic languages includes Welsh, Cornish, Breton, and Gaulish, the language of Gaul prior to the days of theRoman Empire, with its Latin- speaking population.
Many, though not all, of the Celtic language are either extinct or are on the process of becoming extinct. Gaulish apparently disappeared around 600 A.D. Cornish and Manx both actually became revived and are now taught in a few schools each. Scottish, Irish and Breton are all declining in use. There are under a hundred thousand speakers of Scottish Gaelic, mostly on the northern Hebridean Islands; there are more than a hundred thousand speakers of Irish, mainly in the western counties of Ireland; there are about a half million speakers who use Breton on a daily basis. In all these situations, though, the rate of transmission to new generations is low, and this does not bode well for the survival of these languages. Of all Celtic languages, perhaps only Welsh has a strong hold on the future.
According to the passage, the Celtic languages did NOT
A.originate in the British Isles
B.develop from the Indo- European
C.exist before the time of the Roman Empire
D.provide any Italian place names

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question
The Celtic languages are a group of languages on northernEuropethat are descendents of the Indo- European family of languages. These languages developed from the language of the Celts, a warlike civilization originating in the eastern part of central Europe, in the northern Alps, and along theDanubeduring the Bronze Age. The Celts reached the height of their civilization during the Iron Age in the last five centuries B.C., and then fanned out from their original homeland into many parts of continental Europe and across the channel and into theBritish Isles. Celtic languages were spoken in much of western Europe during Pre- Roman and Roman times. Places names of Celtic origin can be found today all over British Isles andFrance, in northernSpainandItaly, and inSwitzerlandand parts ofGermany.
Rather than one language, the Celtic languages consists of two distinct clusters: the Gaelic group and the Brythonic group. These two clusters of languages most likely developed from dialects of the same language, the language of the Celts in their original homeland. These two dialects were the most likely mutually intelligible to some degree as late as the fourth century. The Gaelic group of Celtic language consists of Irish, Scottish, and Manx, the language of theIsleMan.The Brythonic group of Celtic languages includes Welsh, Cornish, Breton, and Gaulish, the language of Gaul prior to the days of theRoman Empire, with its Latin- speaking population.
Many, though not all, of the Celtic language are either extinct or are on the process of becoming extinct. Gaulish apparently disappeared around 600 A.D. Cornish and Manx both actually became revived and are now taught in a few schools each. Scottish, Irish and Breton are all declining in use. There are under a hundred thousand speakers of Scottish Gaelic, mostly on the northern Hebridean Islands; there are more than a hundred thousand speakers of Irish, mainly in the western counties of Ireland; there are about a half million speakers who use Breton on a daily basis. In all these situations, though, the rate of transmission to new generations is low, and this does not bode well for the survival of these languages. Of all Celtic languages, perhaps only Welsh has a strong hold on the future.
The passage states that the Celts were
A.at their height of their civilization 1,500 years ago
B.at their peak during the Iron Age
C.peaceful farmers
D.unheard of during the Bronze Age

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks 61 to 70
It is one of the oldest complaints that the young, at least the male, are (61)………. to crime, disorder and every kind of delinquency, and whereas some (62)……… that his criminality is attributable to childish impulsiveness, others claim that it has come (63)…....because of the role (64)…………. by the young in society. This role has changed from (65)………..it was in the past, since the young now tend to form a group apart from the rest of society, with spending power far (66) ………..what was available to earlier generations of youth. On the other hand, and this is particularly the case in the United States, their prospects of employment are much lower than (67)……..of adults (68)………….numerous government training schemes, these prospects have been getting worse, and the trend is towards greater youth unemployment. This, combined with the fact that parents are more uncertain and less (69) …..to exercise authority, has resulted in more crimes than ever (70)………..committed by young people.
(62)
A.agree
B.claim
C.argue
D.think

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question
The Celtic languages are a group of languages on northernEuropethat are descendents of the Indo- European family of languages. These languages developed from the language of the Celts, a warlike civilization originating in the eastern part of central Europe, in the northern Alps, and along theDanubeduring the Bronze Age. The Celts reached the height of their civilization during the Iron Age in the last five centuries B.C., and then fanned out from their original homeland into many parts of continental Europe and across the channel and into theBritish Isles. Celtic languages were spoken in much of western Europe during Pre- Roman and Roman times. Places names of Celtic origin can be found today all over British Isles andFrance, in northernSpainandItaly, and inSwitzerlandand parts ofGermany.
Rather than one language, the Celtic languages consists of two distinct clusters: the Gaelic group and the Brythonic group. These two clusters of languages most likely developed from dialects of the same language, the language of the Celts in their original homeland. These two dialects were the most likely mutually intelligible to some degree as late as the fourth century. The Gaelic group of Celtic language consists of Irish, Scottish, and Manx, the language of theIsleMan.The Brythonic group of Celtic languages includes Welsh, Cornish, Breton, and Gaulish, the language of Gaul prior to the days of theRoman Empire, with its Latin- speaking population.
Many, though not all, of the Celtic language are either extinct or are on the process of becoming extinct. Gaulish apparently disappeared around 600 A.D. Cornish and Manx both actually became revived and are now taught in a few schools each. Scottish, Irish and Breton are all declining in use. There are under a hundred thousand speakers of Scottish Gaelic, mostly on the northern Hebridean Islands; there are more than a hundred thousand speakers of Irish, mainly in the western counties of Ireland; there are about a half million speakers who use Breton on a daily basis. In all these situations, though, the rate of transmission to new generations is low, and this does not bode well for the survival of these languages. Of all Celtic languages, perhaps only Welsh has a strong hold on the future.
The author’s purpose in the passage is to
A.describe the past and present of a related set of languages
B.explain how languages manage survive without changing
C.outline the major achievements of the Celts
D.list the major characteristics of Celtic languages

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question
The Celtic languages are a group of languages on northernEuropethat are descendents of the Indo- European family of languages. These languages developed from the language of the Celts, a warlike civilization originating in the eastern part of central Europe, in the northern Alps, and along theDanubeduring the Bronze Age. The Celts reached the height of their civilization during the Iron Age in the last five centuries B.C., and then fanned out from their original homeland into many parts of continental Europe and across the channel and into theBritish Isles. Celtic languages were spoken in much of western Europe during Pre- Roman and Roman times. Places names of Celtic origin can be found today all over British Isles andFrance, in northernSpainandItaly, and inSwitzerlandand parts ofGermany.
Rather than one language, the Celtic languages consists of two distinct clusters: the Gaelic group and the Brythonic group. These two clusters of languages most likely developed from dialects of the same language, the language of the Celts in their original homeland. These two dialects were the most likely mutually intelligible to some degree as late as the fourth century. The Gaelic group of Celtic language consists of Irish, Scottish, and Manx, the language of theIsleMan.The Brythonic group of Celtic languages includes Welsh, Cornish, Breton, and Gaulish, the language of Gaul prior to the days of theRoman Empire, with its Latin- speaking population.
Many, though not all, of the Celtic language are either extinct or are on the process of becoming extinct. Gaulish apparently disappeared around 600 A.D. Cornish and Manx both actually became revived and are now taught in a few schools each. Scottish, Irish and Breton are all declining in use. There are under a hundred thousand speakers of Scottish Gaelic, mostly on the northern Hebridean Islands; there are more than a hundred thousand speakers of Irish, mainly in the western counties of Ireland; there are about a half million speakers who use Breton on a daily basis. In all these situations, though, the rate of transmission to new generations is low, and this does not bode well for the survival of these languages. Of all Celtic languages, perhaps only Welsh has a strong hold on the future.
The paragraph following the passage most likely discuss
A.how Welsh is surviving
B.efforts to classify Celtic language
C.languages that preceded Celtic languages in Europe
D.the causes of language extinction