Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 46.
            Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.
            When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.
            To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.
The word “advantage” in the last paragraph most closely means ______.
A.rudime
B.benefit                                       
C.skill                                     
D.domination

Did you ask your father .......some money?
A.after
B.for
C.in
D.at

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that  differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.(two – syllable words)

A.essential
B.different
C.important
D.negation

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
Genetic modification of foods is not a new practice. It has been practiced for thousands of years under the name of "selective breeding". Animals and plants were chosen because they had traits that humans found useful. Some animals were larger and stronger than others, or they yielded more food, or they had some other trait that humans valued. Therefore, they were bred because of those traits. Individuals with those traits were brought together and allowed to breed in the hope that their offspring would have the same traits in greater measure.
Much the same thing was done with plants. To produce bigger or sweeter fruit, or grow more grain per unit of land, strains of plants were combined and recombined to produce hybrids, or crossbreeds that had the desired traits in the right combinations. All the while, however, biologists wondered: is there a more direct and versatile way to change the traits of plants and animals? Could we rewrite, so to speak, the heredity of organisms to make them serve our needs better?
In the 20th century, genetic modification made such changes possible at last. Now, it was possible to alter the genetic code without using the slow and uncertain process of selective breeding. It even became possible to blend plants and animals genetically: to insert animal genes into plants, for example, in order to give the plants a certain trait they ordinarily would lack, such as resistance to freezing. The result was a tremendous potential to change the very nature of biology.
The word "blend" in paragraph 3 mostly means ______.                                          
A.combine
B.collect
C.gather
D.carry

Diligently............... Mary studied, she never got best marks.
A.as
B.while
C.when
D.since

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions .
In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil - the basic ingredients of  industrial growth - were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution.
The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal. Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century - always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs.
The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.
The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe. Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe - most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own “money market”.
Why does the author mention “a spider's web” in paragraph 2?
A.To emphasize the railroad's consumption of oil and coal
B.To describe the complex structure of the railway system
C.To explain the problems brought on by railway expansion
D.To describe the difficulties involved in the distribution of raw materials

The passage supports which of the following statements?
A.No one really knows how the theater began.
B.Myths are no longer represented dramatically.
C.Storytelling is an important part of dance.
D.Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

A.competent   
B.advertise                 
C.reconstruct                   
D.implicate

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Not until he               did he realize that he was adopted by his parents.
A.has grown up
B.grew up 
C.grows up 
D.had grown up

Exercise 3: Choose the best option A, B, C or D.
If there is a rubbish bin in every class, the classroom will become …………… .
A.harmful                   
B.dirtier                      
C.lighter                     
D.cleaner