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2. The windows have just been cleaned by him.
3. They have sold the car which they bought last year to pay their debt.
=> Câu bị động: S + be + V(pp) + (by + O).
4. She said it was raining.
5. He said his father had fixed the bicycle.
=>Tường thuật câu trần thuật: S + said + clause (lùi 1 thì so với câu gốc).