VII- Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B. C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 53 to 62.
A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled – a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of the more important are pollutants, such as sulfur dioxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature is output of these compounds dwarfs resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.
In this localized region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentrations need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.
According to the passage, which of the following is true about human generated air pollution in localized regions?
A.It can be dwarfed by nature’s output of pollutants in the localized region.
B.It can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants.
C.It will damage areas outside of the localized regions.
D.It will react harmfully with naturally occurring pollutants.

That will put the cat among the pigeons.
A.That will cause a lot of trouble.
B.The cat will have to stay outside the house today.
C.Then we shall have as many cats as we have pigeons.
D.The cat will play with the pigeons.

As he was driving ....................the police arrested him.
A.care
B.careful
C.careless
D.carelessly

II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that dfffers from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

A.migrate
B.giant
C.panda
D.rhino

Little.............that I knew his secret.
A.did John know     
B.John did know
C.was John know    
D.John knew

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Far from rejecting my offer, he accepted it gladly.
A.I expected him to reject my offer, but he accepted it gladly.
B.He gladly accepted my offer as I had expected.
C.He had accepted gladly my offer but he rejected my expectations.
D. I had expected him to reject my offer, but he accepted it gladly.

I’ll get my dad a book for his birthday __________ I find something better.
A.although
B. until 
C.if
D.unless

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
For (A) such a demanding job, you (B) will need (C) qualifications, soft skills and (D) having full commitment.
A.such
B.will need
C.qualifications
D.having full commitment

Our hotel, ____is a converted 17th century manor house , is very com-fortable.
A.which
B.that
C.where
D.when

The passage implies that Melville stayed in Tahiti because ________ .
 
A.he had unofficially left his ship.
B.he was on leave while his ship was in port.
C.he had finished his term of duty.
D. he had received permission to take a vacation in Tahiti.