Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 46.
            Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.
            When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.
            To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.
Normal human beings ______.
A.learn to talk after learning to write
B.learn to talk before learning to write        
C.learn to write and to talk at the same time
D. learn to write before learning to talk

Choose the word or phrase A, B, C, or D that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.
What exactly is the influence of air pollution ...... human beings?
A.to        
B.with           
C.on                      
D.for

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

A.supportive              
B.domestic                 
C.chemical                 
D.endanger

What was Darwin’s contribution to ethology?
A.Darwin was the first person to apply ethological theory to children.
B.Darwin’s work provided the basis for ethology.
C.Darwin was the professor who taught Lorenz and Tinbergen.
D.Darwin improved on the original principles of ethology.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Her thoughtless comments made him very angry.
A.honest
B.kind
C.pleasant
D.thoughtful

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
After many months of grueling work and painful injuries to her shoulder and back, Susan realized that her dream of swimming the English Channel was unattainable.
A.impossible
B.realistic
C.confused
D.unachievable

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges. 
Havy: “Thanks for your help, Judy.”  Judy: “……..”
A.With all my heart
B.Never remind me
C.It’s my pleasure
D.Wish you

Find the one choice that best completes the sentence.
He insisted on................ a receipt for the bill he had paid.
A.to be given
B.being given
C.giving
D.given

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
A newborn baby can neither walk nor crawl. A newborn tiger, ______, can run within minutes of birth.
A.therefore
B.even though
C.otherwise
D.however

People should use bicycles for short journeys.
A.Bicycles should be using for short journeys.
B.Bicycles should be used for short journeys.
C.Bicycles should use for short journeys.
D.Bicycles should have been used for short journeys.