Đáp án:
$\begin{array}{l}
12)x = 1;\,y = 2,5\,nen\,thay\,vao\,pt:\\
\Rightarrow 2,5 = a.1 + 3\\
\Rightarrow a = 2,5 - 3 = - 0,5\\
Vay\,a = - 0,5\\
13)\,a)\,\sqrt {5 - m} \ne 0 \Rightarrow m \ne 5\\
b)\frac{{m + 1}}{{m - 1}} \ne 0\\
\Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
m + 1 \ne 0\\
m - 1 \ne 0
\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow m \ne 1;m \ne - 1
\end{array}$