Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Scientists believe they now have scientific evidence to prove that ecosystems work better when there is greater variety of species within them. This biodiversity is being lost destroying natural mechanisms that could repair the damage caused by man.
Findings show that losing plants and animals is not only reducing our quality of life but actually endangering our very existence. We cut down rich rainforests and replace them with one species plantations, such as pine and eucalyptus. We plough up meadows rich in different grasses and herbs and replace them with one grass, for instance rye or wheat.
When a natural ecosystem is simplified the basic processes in the ecosystem are altered and even damaged. Without their biodiversity they are not able to serve as the natural cleaners of our planet. No longer are they able to absorb the carbon dioxide that is being produced in excess. The result is global warming, caused by the increase in the 'greenhouse effect', and ultimately, or even 'sooner, there will be' a change in the world's climate.
What is the author's attitude to the loss of biodiversity?
A.Indifferent
B.Negative        
C.Positive  
D.Neutral

Choose the correct answer.
________ for a long time before you got a job?
A.Were you looking
B.Have you looked
C.Have you been looking 
D.Had you looked

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
The better you are at English, more chance you have to get a job with international organizations.
A.better
B.you are
C.more chance
D.get a job

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Cell Phones in Africa
Starting time the African continent is home to some of the poorest countries on earth, where people struggle to feed their families on less than $2.00 a day. Nevertheless, Africa is also the world's fastest growing market for cell phones. Cell phones have brought twenty-first century technology to villages where people light their huts with candles and walk hours to find drinking water. Some experts think cell phones will improve life for the 680 million Africans more than any other invention of our time. Why are cell phones spreading so rapidly in Africa?
One reason is simply that other forms of communication are difficult. The roads are terrible in many countries, making travel lengthy and expensive. Regular phones require lines to be laid across Africa's vast - jungles and deserts. Cell phones, however, send their signals from towers, which can easily be constructed by hand, sometimes out of leftover pieces of metal. Furthermore, with the difficult economic situation in many African countries, cell phones can be extremely useful. Many Africans have had to move far from their home villages to look for work. With a cell phone, they can call hregularly and keep in touch or even send money. It is also possible in some countries to make purchases or bank deposits with cell phones. People who run small businesses can use the phones to send in orders or keep in touch with customers. Others can make money selling phone time to those who don't have a cell phone of their own.
Recent studies have shown that where cell phone use has increased in Africa, the economy has been strengthened and the people are better off. In Uganda, for example, a charity group has started a new program with Uganda's largest cell phone company. The program, called villagePhone, helps village women get started as phone owners. The women borrow small amounts of money from banks connected to villagePhone and then use that loan money to buy a phone and some calling minutes. Then they can sell phone time in the village to people without phones. In very little time, these women are usually able to repay the money they have borrowed. A • 0 such woman named Fatima had a small shop in her Ugandan village whe she sold household goods and food to support her four children. In the p Fatima rarely had enough money to buy things to sell in her store and so s made very little money from her business. B • However, she realized there was a need for a telephone in her village, since the closest phone was 6.7 miles (4 km) away. She bought a phone with a loan from villagePhone and ran it off an automobile battery. Since starting her villagePhone business, Fatima's income has grown. What's more, her store is now a center of village life. Fatima's story is like many throughout Uganda. C • And for each woman with a phone, a whole village has access to new services new economic possibilities. A similar program has started in neighboring Rwanda. Soon women there will be using cell phones to raise their income level and improve their lives. D •
What do women do with the money they borrow from the bank?
A.buying a phone and using it to find a job
B.buying a phone and selling calling time
C.opening a phone shop
D.going to the city to find a job

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Living things include both the visible world of animals, plants, and fungi as well as the invisible world of bacteria and viruses. On a basic level, we can say that life is ordered. Organisms have an enormously complex organization. We're all familiar with the intricate systems of the basic unit of life, the cell. Life can also "work." Living creatures can take in energy from the environment. This energy, in the form of food, is transformed to maintain metabolic process and for survival. Life grows and develops. This means more than just replicating or getting larger in size. Living organisms also have the ability to rebuild and repair themselves when injured. Life can reproducing. Think about the last time you accidentally stubbed your toe. Almost instantly, you moved back in pain. Finally, life can adapt and respond to the demands placed on it by the environment. There are three basic types of adaptations that can occur in higher organisms.
Reversible changes occur as a response to changes in the environment. Let's say you live near sea level and you travel to a mountainous area. You may begin to experience difficulty breathing and an increase in heart rate as a result of the change in altitude. These symptoms go away when you go back down to sea level.
Body-related changes occur as a result of prolonged changes in the environment. Using ther previous example, if you were to stay in the mountainous area for a long time, you would notice that your heart rate would begin to slow down and you would begin to breath normally. These changes are also reversible. Genotypic changes (caused by genetic mutition ) take place within the genetic makeup of the organism and are not reversible. An example would be the development of resistance to pesticides by insects and spiders.
( Source: Adapted from http://biology.about.com/od/apforstudents/a/aa082105a.htm)
 In what way is life organized?
A.Hard 
B.Difficult 
C.Complicated 
D.Problematic

Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.

A.method      
B.wonder 
C.theory    
D.proceed

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Unless we take immediate precautions, we‘ll not be able to______the epidemic.  
A.surround                  
B.contain                  
C.hold                       
D.get away

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
A leading question among anthropologists is: what exactly led to the development of human cities? Basically, modern humans have existed on earth for over 100,000 years. Yet it is only in the last 8,000 years that they have begun to gather in significant numbers and form cities. Prior to that period, humans existed in small family or tribal groups, generally consisting of fewer than 100 individuals. What, then, led humans to make the dramatic shift from living in small groups to living in large, organized cities? It seems that the development of cities required a particular set of circumstances.
First, it required a minimum population density. For much of their early history, humans existed only in small numbers. This is due to the fact that early humans relied on hunting and gathering wild foods for their survival. Even the most fertile land would only support a relatively small number of predators, so it was not until humans began to practice agriculture that they were able to gather in large enough numbers to form cities.
Furthermore, the development of a city could only be possible if a large number of people shared a common language, culture and religion. Without such unifying factors, a cooperative, peaceful existence among large numbers of people would have been impossible.
Finally, it seems that early humans needed to be faced with a large problem, which one small group of individuals could not solve on its own. Only when large-scale cooperation was needed to overcome a problem would humans come together to form cities.
The word "they" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.predators                  
B.humans                     
C.cities                         
D.foods

Choose the best sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.
It wasn't obligatory to submit my assignment today.
A.My assignment must have been submitted today.       
B.I needn't have submitted my assignment today.
C.My assignment was required to submit by today.
D.I mustn't submit my assignment today.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The new computerized security system never, or at least,________ ever, requires rebooting. 
A.hardly
B.just
C.overly
D.still