Read the following passage adapted from A. Briggs’ article on culture, Microsoft® Student 2008, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term broadcasting, from the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it. It is directly related to cultivation and the adjectives cultural and cultured are part of the same verbal complex. A person of culture has identifiable attributes, among them a knowledge of and interest in the arts, literature, and music. Yet the word culture does not refer solely to such knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education. At least from the 19th century onwards, under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values.Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced culture and cultures, between elite and popular culture, between popular and mass culture, and most recently between national and global cultures. Distinctions have been drawn too between culture and civilization; the latter is a word derived not, like culture or agriculture, from the soil, but from the city. The two words are sometimes treated as synonymous. Yet this is misleading. While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be a perpetual behavioural pattern, the use of the word culture has been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and of development in the 20th century. Cultures evolve or develop. They are not static. They have twists and turns. Styles change. So do fashions. There are cultural processes. What, for example, the word cultured means has changed substantially since the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature, philosophy, and history ceased in the 20th century to be central to school and university education. No single alternative focus emerged, although with computers has come electronic culture, affecting kinds of study, and most recently digital culture. As cultures express themselves in new forms not everything gets better or more civilized.The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult to define. There is no single, unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been made to establish one. The only non-problematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning (for example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and medical meaning (for example, bacterial culture or penicillin culture). Since in anthropology and sociology we also acknowledge culture clashes, culture shock, and counter-culture, the range of reference is extremely wide.
Câu 1: According to the passage, the word culture ______.
A. is related to the preparation and use of land for farming
B. comes from a source that has not been identified
C. develops from Greek and Roman literature and history
D. derives from the same root as civilization does
Câu 2: It is stated in paragraph 1 that a cultured person ______.
A. has a job related to cultivation
B. does a job relevant to education
C. takes care of the soil and what grows on it
D. has knowledge of arts, literature, and music
Câu 3: The author remarks that culture and civilization are the two words that ______.
A. share the same word formation pattern
B. have nearly the same meaning
C. are both related to agriculture and cultivation
D. do not develop from the same meaning
Câu 4: It can be inferred from the passage that since the 20th century ______.
A. schools and universities have not taught classical literature, philosophy, and history
B. classical literature, philosophy, and history have been considered as core subjects
C. classical literature, philosophy, and history have not been taught as compulsory subjects
D. all schools and universities have taught classical literature, philosophy, and history
Câu 5: The word “attributes” in paragraph 1 most likely means ______.
A. fields
B. qualities
C. aspects
D. skills
Câu 6: The word “static” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by “______”.
A. unchanged
B. balanced
C. regular
D. dense
Câu 7: Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?
A. Anthropology and sociology have tried to limit the references to culture.
B. Distinctions have been drawn between culture and civilization.
C. The use of the word culture has been changed since the 19th century.
D. The word culture can be used to refer to a whole way of life of people
Câu 8: It is difficult to give the definitions of the word culture EXCEPT for its ______.
A. agricultural and medical meanings
B. philosophical and historical meanings
C. historical and figurative meanings
D. sociological and anthropological meanings
Câu 9: Which of the following is NOT true about the word culture?
A. It differs from the word civilization.
B. It evolves from agriculture.
C. Its use has been considerably changed.
D. It is a word that cannot be defined.
Câu 10: The passage mainly discusses ______.
A. the multiplicity of meanings of the word culture
B. the distinction between culture and civilization
C. the figurative meanings of the word culture
D. the derivatives of the word culture
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