IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine eco common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.            However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
Câu 1: The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the world's ecosystems EXEPT ______ .


A. the introduction of new varieties of plant species        


B. the habitat destruction in wetlands  


C.  the extensive damage to marine ecosystems       


D. the destruction of the tropical rain forests
Câu 2: The word "magnitude" in paragraph 3 mostly means _____ .


A. ignorance                            


B. concern                             


C. extent                         


D. greed
Câu 3: Which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree with?


A. The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.


B. Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems.     


C. Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy.      


D. Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems.
Câu 4: What does the word "they" in paragraph I refers to ?


A. activities     


B. species        


C. centuries     


D. humans
Câu 5: The word "jolting" mostly means _____ .


A. illuminating                        


B. appealing                           


C. shocking                    


D. disgusting
Câu 6: What can be inferred from the extinction of the dinosaurs in paragraph 2?


A. Not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity.   


B. Earth's climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs' extinction.   


C.  Actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species' extinction.     


D. The cause of the dinosaurs' extinction is unknown.
Câu 7: What does the passage mainly discuss?


A. The cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs 


B. The time required for species to adapt to new environments    


C. The variety of species found in tropical rain forests    


D. The impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems
Câu 8: According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from change caused by humans in that changes caused by humans ________ .


A. are occurring at a much faster rate         


B. affect fewer ecosystems     


C. are less devastating to most species              


D. are reversible
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A.
B.
C.
D.

VII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from the parents. There can be little doubt that this is the phylogenetic basis of the acoustical crying of human infants. This very basic form of crying is meant to undo the separation from the parents and it is not likely to have any direct soothing function. Rather, this behavior seems to be associated with a state of increased arousal and result in soothing because of the comfort and support it elicited, that is, because it has (26)_______ its inter-individual function. In animals, distress calls are mainly (27)_____ by young offspring, and they are never accompanied by the production of tears. (28)______ , candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29)______ are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.
Câu 1: (25) 


A. separated                


B. separation               


C. separately               


D. separating
Câu 2: (26) 


A. satisfied                  


B. finished                   


C. completed               


D. fulfilled
Câu 3: (27) 


A. applied                    


B. displayed                


C. heard                      


D. used
Câu 4: (28) 


A. In addition 


B. On the other hand  


C. As a consequence 


D. What is more
Câu 5: (29) 


A. which                     


B. who                                    


C. whom                     


D. that

A.
B.
C.
D.

IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Câu 1: The film was taken apart on the grounds that it glorifies violence.


A. greatly admired    


B. excellently cast  


C. badly reviewed       


D. criticized severely
Câu 2: Efforts by the government agency to improve its work were hampered by lack of funds.


A. hindered                             


B. assisted                  


C. encouraged             


D. endangered

A.
B.
C.
D.

III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Câu 1: Efforts are underway to protect endangered species from further human ________, but in many areas it is already too late.


A. deterioration                       


B. depredation                         


C. habitation                            


D. administration
Câu 2: Many teachers suggest that final examinations be ____, an innovation I heartily support.


A. discontinuous                     


B. discontinued                      


C. discontinuity                        


D. discontinuously
Câu 3: Apparently, ______ science, mathematics, and technology are defined as much by what they do and how they do it as they are by _____ results they achieve.


A. the / Ø 


B. Ø / the  


C. Ø / Ø   


D. the / Ø
Câu 4: Environmental groups try to stop farmers from using harmful _____ on their crops.


A. contaminants                      


B. investments                         


C. chemicals                            


D. pollutants
Câu 5: Youth Unemployment Rate in Vietnam _______ to 7.29 percent in the third quarter of 2018 from 7.10 percent in the second quarter of 2018.


A. increase                              


B. was increasing  


C. increased                               


D. had increased
Câu 6: It's no use ____ make him _____ his mind.


A. trying to/ change 


B. to try/ change         


C. trying to/ to change     


D. trying to/ changing
Câu 7: For centuries people have regarded oceans _____ an inexhaustible supply of food, a useful transport route, and a convenient dumping ground - simply too vast to be affected by anything we do.


A. with                                    


B. by                                      


C. of                               


D. as
Câu 8: _______ stress is thought to be linked in some way to all of the risk factors, intense research continues in the A hope of further comprehending why and how heart failure is triggered.


A. By means of   


B. Though                             


C. Despite                      


D. Due to
Câu 9: The poor man was driven from ______ for justice, but his efforts were of no avail.


A. pillar to post     


B. top to bottom        


C. stem to stern  


D. hand to mouth
Câu 10: You should be very glad that he didn't recognize you yesterday. Can you imagine his anger if he ______ ?


A. did                                      


B. would                                


C. does                           


D. had
Câu 11: _______ , follow the signs for ‘Arrivals' unless you are transferring to another plane at the same airport.


A. On arrival at the airport  


B. When arrive at the airport    


C. That you arrive at the airport   


D. To arrive at the airport
Câu 12: The doctor gave her a ______ check-up so as to discover the cause of her breakdown.


A. universal                             


B. widespread                        


C. thorough                    


D. whole
Câu 13: _____ by mosquitoes, we wished that we had made hotel, not campsite, reservations.


A. As eaten      


B. Eaten                        


C. That we were eaten     


D. When eaten
Câu 14: She is extremely _____  about her career. She would like to be a CEO.


A. absent-minded            


B. fair-minded    


C. high-minded         


D. single-minded
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A.
B.
C.
D.

II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Câu 1:


A. currency                 


B. committee               


C. mineral                   


D. exercise
Câu 2:


A. observe                   


B. locate                      


C. deduct                     


D. visit

A.
B.
C.
D.

I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Câu 1:


A. comment                 


B. complain                 


C. collect                     


D. comply
Câu 2:


A. amused                   


B. composed               


C. decreased                


D. advised

A.
B.
C.
D.

IV. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting.
Câu 1: A caricature is a picture in which the subject's distinctive features they are deliberately exaggerated.


A. in which


B. distinctive


C. they are


D. exaggerated
Câu 2: One characteristic of the poems of Emily Dickinson is the sharp of her images.


A. characteristic


B. poems


C. sharp


D. images
Câu 3: Pure nitric acid is colorless, but it acquires a yellow color when it is exposed of air.


A. Pure


B. acquires


C. when


D. exposed of
Câu 4: A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered a basic part of the education of every child.


A. basic


B. history


C. are


D. child
Câu 5: Water polo is a game in which is played in the water by two teams, each with seven players.


A. in which


B. in the water


C. by two


D. with

A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Câu 1:


A. gloves  


B. says                      


C. months                   


D. sings
Câu 2:


A. summit           


B. voluntary             


C. compulsory             


D. upgrade

A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Câu 1:


A. engineer    


B. understand     


C. referee                    


D. mechanic
Câu 2:


A. oceanic      


B. environment         


C. reality                     


D. psychologist

A.
B.
C.
D.

Part 6: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Câu 1: The Red Cross is an international humanitarian agency dedicated to reducing the sufferings of wounded soldiers, civilians and prisoners of war.


A. happiness                


B. loss


C. sadness                   


D. pain and sorrow
Câu 2: They are launching a campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues.


A. encourage               


B. publicize                 


C. hinder                     


D. strengthen

A.
B.
C.
D.