Task 6. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 26 – 30.         The growth of cities, the construction of hundreds of new factories, and the spread of railroads in  the United States before 1850 had increased the need for better illumination. But the lighting in American homes had improved very little over that of ancient times. Through the colonial period, homes were lit with tallow candles or with a lamp of the kind used in ancient Rome – a dish of fish oil or other animal or vegetable oil in which a twisted rag served as a wick. Some people used lard, but they had to heat charcoal underneath to keep it soft and burnable. The sperm whale provided superior burning oil, but this was expensive. In 1830 a new substance called “camphene” was patented, and it proved to be an excellent illuminant. But while camphene gave a bright light it too remained expensive, had an unpleasant odor,  and also was dangerously explosive.          Between 1830 and 1850, it seemed that the only hope for cheaper illumination in the United States was the wider use of gas. In the 1840s, American gas manufacturers adopted improved British techniques for producing illuminating gas from coal. But the expense of piping gas to the consumer remained so high that until the mid–nineteenth century gas lighting was feasible only in urban areas, and only for public buildings for the wealthy. In 1854, a Canadian doctor, Abraham Gesner, patented a process for distilling a pitch like mineral found in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia that produced illuminating gas and an oil  that he called “kerosene” (from “keros”, the Greek word for wax, and “ene” because it resembled camphene). Kerosene, though cheaper than camphene, had an unpleasant odor, and Gesner never made his fortune from it. But Gesner had aroused a new hope for making illuminating oil from a product  coming out of North American mines.
Câu 1: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why better lighting had become necessary by the mid–nineteenth century?


A. increases in the number of new factories    


B. growth of cities


C. development of railroads             


D. demand for better medical facilities
Câu 2: The word “this” in paragraph 1 refers to                 .


A. oil                           


B. charcoal                              


C. lard                         


D. wick
Câu 3: What can be inferred about the illuminating gas described in the passage?


A. It had an unpleasant smell.


B. It was not allowed to be used in public buildings.


C. It was not widely available until mid–nineteenth century.


D. It was first developed in the United States.
Câu 4: The word “resembled” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to             .


A. cost the same as      


B. was made from  


C. sounded like 


D. was similar to
Câu 5: Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?


A. a description of events in chronological order  


B. a comparison of two years


C. an analysis of scientific findings    


D. the statement of a theory and possible explanations

A.
B.
C.
D.

Task 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 16 – 20.              If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation-conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salt behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.             The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.              Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.            A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.             In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
Câu 1: The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to__________.


A. sea ice


B. manner                                


C. seawater                             


D. salinity
Câu 2: Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?


A. The surrounding water sinks     


B. Water salinity decreases


C. The salt remains in the water          


D. The water becomes denser
Câu 3: What does the passage mainly discuss?


A. The salinity of ocean water    


B. The many forms of ocean life


C. The elements of salt          


D. The bodies of water of the world
Câu 4: Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?


A. To show that this body of water has salinity variations   


B. To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters


C. To point out the location of deep waters


D. To give an example of cold-water salinity
Câu 5: According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in_________.


A. coastal areas      


B. rainy areas               


C. turbulent areas         


D. tropical areas

A.
B.
C.
D.

Task 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 6 – 10.A Working Vacation            Have you ever wondered what it would be like to get your dream job? It can take years to get the education and develop the skills you need for the perfect job. However, there is a way to experience your dream job without having to get the required training or degree. Since 2004, Brian Kurth’s company, Vocation Vacations, has been connecting people with mentors who have the jobs of their dreams.            Kurth had been working for a phone company before starting his own company. He didn’t like his job, and he had a long time to think about it on his drive to and from work. He also thought about his dream job while driving. He was interested in becoming a dog trainer, but he didn’t want to take any chances  and switch to a field he didn’t have experience in. He really wanted to know what the job was like and if  it was realistic for him to work towards his goal. So, he found a mentor – a dog trainer that could tell him about the job and everything it involved. After that, he helped his friends find mentors to explore jobs  they were interested in. They thought it was helpful to talk to people who had their dream jobs before spending lots of time and money getting the training they needed for those jobs.            Kurth saw how much this helped his friends, so he decided to turn it into his business. He started Vocation Vacations in 2004, and by 2005, the company was offering experience with over 200 dream jobs. Today, about 300 mentors work with the company to share their knowledge about their jobs. Customers pay to experience the job of their dreams and work with these mentors to see what a job is really like. A “job vacation” costs between 350 USD and 3,000 USD and can be for one to three days. Many people use Vocation Vacations to see if their dream job is a career path they want to continue. Others do  it just to experience the job of their dreams one time.          Vocation Vacations jobs are in the fields of fashion, food, entertainment, sports and animals. Many  people want to try glamorous jobs. For example, they want to try working as actors, music producers, photographers and fashion designers. According to Kurth, some other popular dream jobs are working as bakers, hotel managers and wedding planners.
Câu 1: What is the passage mainly about?


A.  A company where people can experience their dream jobs


B. A company where people get the training for their dream jobs


C. Brian Kurth’s dream job as a dog trainer


D. Brian Kurth’s company as a dream job provider
Câu 2: The word their in paragraph 3 refers to                        .


A. jobs                                    


B. mentors                               


C. customers                           


D. experiences
Câu 3: What do mentors at Vocation Vacations do?


A. explore jobs that people are interested in


B. train people for their dream jobs


C. give people advice on how to choose a job


D. show people what their jobs are like
Câu 4: The word glamorous in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.


A. uncommon             


B. attractive                             


C. unskilled                             


D. ordinary
Câu 5: All of the following are true about Vocation Vacations EXCEPT _____.


A. it belongs to Brian Kurth         


B. the company was started in 2004


C. the company hires about 300 mentors        


D. it provides jobs in many different fields

A.
B.
C.
D.

Task 5. Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 21 to 25.SETTLING IN OUR UNIVERSITYThe university campus is like one big village where thousands of students live, work and relax surrounded by rolling green fields. It is the centre of the student (21) _______ in all its variety. While it is basically a place for young people, there are a (22) _______ of family flats and children are never far away. People come to live here from all over the world, so members of different cultures and speakers of different languages live next door to each other. One house has had special structural (23) _______ to make it suitable for students with disabilities. Most first year students live on campus. It's the easiest way  to meet people when you first arrive and there’s always somebody to (24) _______. It’s a busy, lively place, but because the campus is in the middle of parkland, you can (25) _______ off and be alone if you want to.
Câu 1: (21) 


A. society                    


B. company                 


C. community             


D. connection
Câu 2: (22) 


A. block                      


B. quantity                   


C. pile                         


D. number
Câu 3: (23)


A. changes                  


B. adjustments             


C. exchanges               


D. alterations
Câu 4: (24) 


A. get round to 


B. drop in on    


C. face up to       


D. go in for
Câu 5: (25) 


A. limp                                    


B. crawl                       


C. wander                  


D. march

A.
B.
C.
D.

Task 3. Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 11 to 15.The position of sport in today's society has changed out of all recognition. People no longer seem to think of sports as ‘just a game’ - to be watched or played for the (11) _________ of enjoyment.Instead, it has become big business worldwide. It has become accepted practice for leading companies to provide sponsorship. TV companies pay large sums of money to screen important matches or competitions. The result has been huge rewards for athletes, some of (12) _________ are now very wealthy, particularly top footballers, golfers and tennis players.            (13) _________, it is not unusual for some athletes to receive large fees on top of their salary, for advertising products or making personal appearances.            A trend towards shorter working hours means that people generally tend to have more free time, both to watch and to take in sporting activity; sport has become a significant part of the recreation industry that we now rely (14) _________ to fill our leisure hours. Professional sport is a vital part of that industry, providing for millions of (15) _________ people all over the world.
Câu 1: (11) 


A. benefit                    


B. good                       


C. advantage  


D. sake
Câu 2: (12) 


A. who                        


B. whom                     


C. whose                     


D. that
Câu 3: (13) 


A. In contrast


B. However                 


C. In addition 


D. Therefore
Câu 4: (14) 


A. on                           


B. with                                    


C. for                           


D. in
Câu 5: (15) 


A. extremist                 


B. mighty                    


C. ordinary                  


D. abnormal

A.
B.
C.
D.

Task 1. Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 1 to 5.Postsecondary institutions and private schools are corporations under U.S. law. They are approved to  operate as non-profit,  for-profit, or public     corporations (1) ____education and training. Increasingly, state authorities are requiring approved educational providers to apply for and receive accreditation as a condition of final and continued  approval.As corporate entities, U.S. institutions are internally self-governing and are (2)               to make property facilities, equipment, and utilities transactions; make their own personnel decisions; decide whom to admit to study and to  graduate; (3)              their own funds from outside sources; enter into contracts and compete for grants; and do most of the other things that corporations do. Institutions compete (4)               one another for students, research funding, faculty, and other benefits. Public institutions may compete within the same state or territory  for  budget  appropriations.  It  is  the corporate  nature  of institutions  and the competition within  the system that (5)              Americans to refer to the concept of the educational or academic marketplace - an important distinctive element of the way U.S. education is  organized.
Câu 1: (1) 


A. provided                 


B. provision                 


C. provide                   


D. providing
Câu 2: (2)


A. capable                   


B. able                         


C. probable                 


D. possible
Câu 3: (3) 


A. rise                          


B. raise                        


C. call                          


D. lend
Câu 4: (4) 


A. with                                    


B. to                            


C. for                           


D. at
Câu 5: (5) 


A. lets                          


B. causes                     


C. prevents                  


D. makes

A.
B.
C.
D.

Task 6. Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 26 to 30.The pig was the last animal to be fully domesticated by the farmer. Unlike the cow  and the  sheep, it is not a grass-eater. Its ancient home was the forest, where it searched for different kinds of food, such as nuts, roots and dead animals, and found in the bushes (26)              for its almost hairless body from extremes of sun and cold. For many centuries the farmer allowed it to continue there, leaving his pigs to look after themselves most of the time. As the woodlands began to shrink, the pig slowly began to be kept on the farm itself. But it did not finally come into a shed, where it   was (27)               on waste food from the farm and the house, until the eighteenth  century.The pig, then, became a farm animal in  the (28)               of agricultural improvement in Britain in the eighteenth century, but it was given little attention by special animal breeders, for the major farmers of the time preferred to develop the larger kinds of animal. There were, however, various   less well-known farmers interested in pigs and  they (29)             their improvements on  new types of pigs from overseas. These were the Chinese pig, and its various relatives,  including  the  Neapolitan pig, which were descended from Chinese pigs that had found their (30)               to the Mediterranean in ancient times.
Câu 1: (26) 


A. protection               


B. guard                      


C. intention                 


D. defense
Câu 2: (27) 


A. sustained                 


B. supported                


C. grown                     


D. fed
Câu 3: (28) 


A. age                          


B. mark                       


C. point                       


D. pass           
Câu 4: (29) 


A. put                          


B. based                      


C. launched                 


D. fitted
Câu 5: (30)


A. course                     


B. direction                  


C. tendency                 


D. way

A.
B.
C.
D.

Task 5. Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 21 to 25.We know what happens when we don't have water - we die. We use water, other animals use it, plants use it... but the world never loses it. Basically, the (21)            of  water  on, above and within the planet never changes.Our use of it is part of an  immense (22)              , known simply enough as the water  cycle. The cycle can happen because water is one of the few substances that exists naturally, and  at  temperatures which people can tolerate, as a liquid, a gas and a  solid.We all know something about the water cycle; it is part of our daily scene. Water (23)             from lakes and oceans and from the leaves of plants. From there it forms clouds which come back to earth (24)             rain, ice or snow. That water soaks into the ground or runs off. And the cycle continues with rivers running into the sea, plants transpiring and so on. Animals like us use it on the way through the cycle.For millions of years, changes in the water cycle were slow, but now, with the (25)             increase in the number of people on earth and the development of technology, we are having a dramatic impact on the way the water cycle behaves and on the quality of the water   itself.
Câu 1: (21) 


A. amount                   


B. number                   


C. sum                         


D. figure
Câu 2: (22) 


A. method                   


B. process                    


C. procedure              


D. route
Câu 3: (23)


A. steams                     


B. evaporates               


C. dissolves                 


D. disperses
Câu 4: (24) 


A. like                         


B. similar                     


C. for                           


D. as
Câu 5: (25)


A. quick                      


B. abrupt                     


C. rapid                       


D. hasty

A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase  CLOSEST in a meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions
Câu 1: The sudents got high marks in the test but Mary stood out.


A. got a lot of marks 


B. got very good marks


C. got lower marks than someone     


D. got higher marks than someone     
Câu 2: As a newspaper reporter she always wanted to get information at first hand.


A. quickly    


B. slowly   


C. easily 


D. directly

A.
B.
C.
D.

VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the best sentence that words given.
Câu 1: Thanks to her high grades at university, Barbara is offered the position.


A.  If she got high grades at university, Barbara would be offered the position.


B. It was her high grades at university which offer Barbara the position.


C. If she hadn't got high grades at university, Barbara would not have been offered the position.


D. If she had not got high grades at university, Barbara would not be offered the position.
Câu 2: Unless you come on time, we will go without you.


A. Come on time or we will go without you.


B. Come on time, we will go without you.


C. Because of your punctuality, we will go without you.


D. Without your coming on time, we will go.
Câu 3: They got success in their job interviews since they took my advice.


A. They took my advice, and failed in their job interviews.


B. If they did not take my advice, they would not get success in their job interviews.


C. But for taking my advice, they would not have got success in their job interviews.


D. My advice stopped them from getting success in the job interviews.
Câu 4: They waited such a long time that baby Caroline started to cry.


A. They waited too long for baby Caroline not to cry.


B. They waited so long that baby Caroline started to cry.


C. They waited long enough for baby Caroline to start to cry.


D. They waited enough long for baby Caroline to start to cry.
Câu 5: Although he lacked experience, he was offered the job.


A. Despite of his lack experience, he was offered the job.


B. Despite of his lack of experience, he was offered the job.


C. In spite of his lack experience, he was offered the job.


D. In spite of the fact that he lacked experience, he was offered the job.

A.
B.
C.
D.