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- Mike: "Would you like a beer?"          - Joe: "Not while I’m _______ ."
A.in the act    
B.on duty
C.in order  
D. under control
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Psychologists have debated a long time about whether a child’s upbringing can give it the ability to do outstandingly well. Some think that it is impossible to develop genius and say that it is simply something a person is born with. Others, however, argue that the potential for great achievement can be develop. The truth lies somewhere between these two extremes.
It seems very obvious that being born with the right qualities from gifted parents will increase a child’s ability to do well. However, this ability will be fully realized only with the right upbringing and opportunities. As one psychologist says, “To have a fast car, you need both a good engine and fuel”.
Scientists have recently assessed intelligence, achievement, and ability in 50 sets of identical twins that were separated shortly birth and brought up by different parents. They found that achievement was based on intelligence, and later influenced by the child’s environment.
One case involving very intelligent twins was quoted. One of the twins received a normal upbringing, and performed well. The other twin, however, was brought up by extremely supportive parents and given every possible opportunity to develop its abilities. That twin, thought starting out with the same degree of intelligence as the other, performed even better.
This case reflects the general principle of intelligence and ability. The more favorable the environment, the more a child’s intelligence and ability are developed. However, there is no link between intelligence and socioeconomic level of a child’s family. In other words, it does not matter how poor or how rich a family is, as this does not affect the intelligence.
Gifted people cannot be created by supportive parents, but they can be developed by them. One professor of music said that outstanding musicians usually started two or three years earlier than ordinary performers, often because their parents had recognized their ability. These musicians then needed at least ten years’ hard work and training in order to reach the level they were capable of attaining.
People who want to have very gifted children are given the following advice:
Marry an intelligent person. Allow children to follow their own interests rather than the interests of the parents. Start a child’s education early but avoid pushing the child too hard. Encourage children to play; for example, playing with musical instrument is essential for a child who wants to become an outstanding musician.
The upbringing of highly intelligent children requires________.
A.an expensive education      
B.good musical instruments
C.parental support and encouragement            
D.wealthy and loving parents

          Monitoring and Diagnosis
         The iBrain can provide easy-to-use, accurate, at-home monitoring. The data it collects can be used to help understand a number of medical problems and to monitor a patient’s brain.
Section B.
Q&A.COM
TOPIC: Science and Technology
Question: What is your opinion of the iBrain?
Most recent answer: Submitted by Sciencefreak.
          The iBrain is an amazing development! If this device achieves its purpose, it will be great for Dr Hawking, and many others like him whose medical problems prevent them from communicating normally. It is always a pleasure to see people pursuing their passion. My congratulations must go to Dr Low for refusing to accept capital from commercial businesses. Science must be used to help society or there will be no society. I hope medicine and helping human beings will always be Dr Low’s first priority.
Section C.
iBrain: The Technological Alteration of the Modern Mind
by Gary Small and Gigi Vorgan
          Small and Vorgan’s ‘iBrain’ is a fascinating book that describes how new technologies are changing our brains. Their main point is that our brains and the brains of our children are much easier to shape than we have been led to believe. They differentiate between digital immigrants: people who had to learn technology such aas computers and cell phones as adults, and digital natives: people who have known technology all their lives. The good news for digital immigrants is that they find it easier to form relationships, communicate with others and adapt to the demands of modern society. In other words, they retain the social skills that digital natives sometimes don’t develop.
          The message of ‘iBrain’ is not that technology is good or bad, but that it is both. Electronic devices can change the structure of our brains and leave us disconnected and lonely, but they can also help us accomplish much in terms of work, economics and social connection.
Section D.
The Washington Post: Stephen Hawking to Demonstrate iBrain Technology next month
By Emi Kolawole
          Scientists may have discovered a way to read the brain of one of the world’s most famous scientists. Stephen Hawking, a theoretical physicist, who was diagnosed with a serious muscular disease, lost the ability to speak 30 years ago. Up to now, a computerized voice generated by a sensor inside Hawking’s mouth has allowed him to communicate. However, the muscles controlling the device have weakened , limiting his speech to as little as one word per minute.
          Without a new means of communication, Hawking runs the risk of total isolation. This is a horrifying prospect not only for Hawking himself, but also for the scientific community, who have benefitted greatly from his work.
          Now, a new device called the iBrain may significantly improve Hawking’s ability to communicate. Developed by Stanford University professor, Philip Low, the device can record brain function at a level of detail never achieved before. The two scientists, Hawking and Low, have been working on the device for over a year, and plan to demonstrate it in Hawking’s hometown of Cambridge, England, next month.
Questions 10 refers to section C above.
What is true about digital immigrants?
A.They are better at tasks related to work and economics than digital natives.
B.They may find themselves unable to socialize with digital natives.
C.They can cope with technology without losing their social skills.
D.They have less difficulty than digital natives in learning to use computers or cell phones.

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