Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.Mountaineers have noted that as they climb, for example, up to the 12,633-foot Humphreys Peak in the San Francisco Peaks in Arizona, plant life changes radically. Starting among the cacti of the Sonoran Desert, one climbs into a pine forest at 7,000 feet and a treeless alpine tundra at the summit. It may seem that plants at a given altitude are associated in what can be called “communities” – groupings of interacting species. The idea is that over time, plants that require particular climate and soil conditions come to live in the same places, and hence are frequently to be found together. Scientists who study the history of plant life are known as paleobotanists, or paleobots for short. They build up a picture of how groups of plants have responded to climate changes and how ecosystems develop. But are these associations, which are real in the present, permanent?A great natural experiment took place on this planet between 25,000 and 10,000 years ago, when small changes in the earth’s orbit and axis of rotation caused great sheets of ice to spread from the poles. These glaciers covered much of North America and Europe to depths of up to two miles, and then, as the climate warmed, they retreated. During this retreat, they left behind newly uncovered land for living things to colonize, and as those living things moved in they laid down a record we can read now. As the ice retreated and plants started to grow near a lake, they would release pollen. Some would fall into the lake, sink to the bottom, and be incorporated into the sediment. By drilling into the lake bottom it is possible to read the record of successive plant life around the lake. The fossil record seems clear; there is little or no evidence that entire groups of plants moved north together. Things that lived together in the past don’t live together now, and things that live together now didn’t live together in the past. Each individual organism moved at its own pace. The fossil record seems to be telling us that we should be thinking about preserving species by giving them room to maneuver – to respond to environmental changes.
Câu 1: What is the second paragraph mainly about?


A. Plant migration after the ice age.


B. The effects of the ice age on plants.


C. The need to develop a new approach to environmental issues.


D. Communities of plants live at different altitudes.
Câu 2: The word “radically” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.


A. quickly               


B. variably                   


C. dramatically           


D. demonstrably
Câu 3: The author mentions “cacti” and “a treeless alpine tundra” in paragraph 1 to illustrate _______.


A. changes in climate   


B. the effects of the ice age


C. plant immigration                 


D. communities of plants
Câu 4: The word “which” in last sentence of paragraph 1 refers to _______.


A. the developments of ecosystems        


B. plant life changes


C. the current theories of ecosystem    


D. the responses of plants to climate changes
Câu 5: The word “successive” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.


A. consecutive        


B. accumulative               


C. extinct                    


D. following
Câu 6: The passage states that by drilling into the lake bottom it is possible to find successive fossils of _______.


A. plant life   


B. sediment                 


C. ice                   


D. pollen
Câu 7: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?


A. That the migratory patterns of plants are dependent upon changes in climate.


B. That current associations of plants are similar to those in the past.


C. That modern conservation methods should consider the migratory patterns of plants.


D. That another ice age is likely to occur at some time.

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Các câu hỏi liên quan

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best option for each of the blanks.SETTLING IN OUR UNIVERSITY            The university campus is like one big village where thousands of students live, work and relax surrounded by rolling green fields. It is the centre of the student (7) _______ in all its variety. While it is basically a place for young people, there are a (8) _______ of family flats and children are never far away. People come to live here from all over the world, so members of different cultures and speakers of different languages live next door to each other. One house has had special structural (9) _______ to make it suitable for students with disabilities. Most first year students live on campus. It's the easiest way to meet people when you first arrive and there’s always somebody to (10) _______. It’s a busy, lively place, but because the campus is in the middle of parkland, you can (11) _______ off and be alone if you want to.
Câu 1: (7)


A. society 


B. company         


C. community       


D. connection
Câu 2: (8)


A. block           


B. quantity          


C. pile                         


D. number
Câu 3: (9)


A. changes       


B. adjustments        


C. exchanges               


D. alterations
Câu 4: (10)


A. get round to  


B. drop in on    


C. face up to    


D. go in for
Câu 5: (11)


A. limp               


B. crawl                    


C. wander                   


D. march

A.
B.
C.
D.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the numbered blanks from 30 to 34.When summer comes and the sun appears, it’s good to have a hat. Many people have traditionally (30) _______ for the panama hat. Stylish, light and cool on the head, these palm leaf hats are (31) _______ enough to roll up and put in a pocket or bag. Nowadays panamas can be found in fashionable shops all over the world, sometimes at exorbitant price. However, the hat itself originated in rather humble surroundings in the jungles of South America. In a long tradition (32) _______ was handed down from generation to generation, the palm leaves are gathered by the men and the hats are woven by the women. It can take up to 12 palm leaves to make a top quality hat. Each leaf is split up to 25 times to obtain a straw that is fine enough to be woven into a hat. The women’s job is dictated by the weather and visibility: there must be enough light for them to see the fine straw, but the air must be moist enough for it to (33) _______ flexible. This means that the women can usually only work in the early morning. (34) _______ panama hats are expensive, back in the villages the craftsmen and women are struggling to keep the tradition alive and often receive only a fraction of the price you pay in the shops.
Câu 1: (30)


A. tried     


B. sought               


C. asked               


D. gone
Câu 2: (31)


A. flexible 


B. flexibly            


C. inflexibility           


D. flexibility
Câu 3: (32)


A. when       


B. who                  


C. that                     


D. which
Câu 4: (33)


A. remain     


B. continue               


C. persist               


D. endure
Câu 5: (34)


A. But       


B. Still                       


C. Even                     


D. Although

A.
B.
C.
D.

Read the following passage and mart the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 39.Fish that live on the sea bottom benefit by being flat and hugging the contours. There are two very different types of flatfish and they have evolved in very separate ways. The skates and rays, relatives of the sharks have become flat in what might be called the obvious way. Their bodies have grown out sideways to form great “wings” They look as though they have been flattened but have remained symmetrical and “the right way up”. Conversely fish such as plaice, sole, and halibut have become flat in a different way. There are bony fish which have a marked tendency to be flattened in a vertical direction; they are much “taller” than they are wide. They use their whole vertically flattened bodies as swimming surfaces, which undulate through the water as they move. Therefore when their ancestors migrated to the seabed, they lay on one side than on their bellies. However, this raises the problem that one eye was always looking down into the sand and was effectively useless - In evolution this problem was solved by the lower eye “moving” around the other side. We see this process of moving around enacted in the development of every young bony flatfish. It starts life swimming near the surface, and is symmetrical and vertically flattened, but then the skull starts to grow in a strange asymmetrical twisted fashion, so that one eye for instance the left, moves over the top of the head upwards, an old Picasso - like vision. Incidentally, some species of 20 flatfish settle on the right side, others on the left, and others on either side.
Câu 1: The word “conversely” is closest in meaning to _______.


A. similarly              


B. alternatively


C. inversely            


D. contrarily
Câu 2: The passage is mainly concerned with _____.


A. bony flatfish                       


B. evolution asymmetrical


C. symmetrical flatfish                               


D. different types of flatfish
Câu 3: The author mentions skates and rays as examples of fish that _______.


A. have spread horizontally   


B. become asymmetrical


C. resemble sharks


D. appear to fly
Câu 4: The word “this” refer to _______.


A. the migration of the ancestors       


B. the difficulty of the only one eye being useful


C. the problem of the one eye looking downwards


D. the practice of lying on one side
Câu 5: According to the passage, the ability of a bony flatfish to move its eyes around is _______.


A. average               


B. excellent              


C. weak                 


D. variable

A.
B.
C.
D.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 40 to 47.If you enjoy water sports, Hawaii is the place for you. You can go swimming all year round in the warm water. You can go sport fishing from the shore or from a boat. If you like boats, you can go sailing, canoeing, or windsurfing. Or, you can also try some other water sports that are especially popular in Hawaii: surfing, snorkeling and scuba diving.Surfing is a sport which started in Hawaii many years ago. The Hawaiians called it “he’e nalu”, which means “to slide on a wave”. If you want to try surfing, you need, first of all, to be a good swimmer. You also have to have an excellent sense of balance. You must swim out from the beach with your surfboard under your arm. When you get to where the waves begin to break, you wait for a calm moment. Then you try to stand up on the board. The wave will begin to rise under you. You must try to steer the board with your feet so you stay on top of the wave. The important thing is to keep your balance and not fall down. If you can manage this, you will have an exciting ride all the way into the shore.Scuba diving and snorkeling are two ways to get a close look at the beauty lying below the surface of the ocean. The waters off the Hawaiian Islands are clean, clear and warm. They contain hundreds of kinds of colorful fish. The undersea world is made even more colorful by the coral reefs of red, gold, white and light purple. Among these reefs there may be larger fish or sea turtles.Scuba diving allows you to see the most interesting undersea sights. “Scuba” means “Self-contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus”, that is, equipment for breathing and swimming around far under water. In Hawaii, you can take special courses to learn how to scuba dive. After the courses, you can get a certificate that will allow you to dive alone. Since it can be dangerous, proper instruction and great care are always necessary when you are scuba diving.If you are adventurous, you might try snorkeling instead of scuba diving. Less equipment is needed, just a face mask, a breathing tube (snorkel) and flippers for your feet. It only takes a few minutes to learn how to snorkel. Although you cannot dive deep into the water, you can swim with your face below the surface. Breathing through the tube, you float on the surface, and keep yourself moving with your flippers. Even from the surface like this, there will be plenty of color and beauty to see.
Câu 1: Which statement is supported by the information in the passage?


A. Snorkeling requires much more equipment and training than scuba diving.


B. When you are snorkeling you can go deep under water.


C. Snorkeling involves breathing through the tube, floating on the surface and moving with flippers.


D. Snorkeling is a sport started in ancient times.
Câu 2: Which of the following is NOT true about surfing?


A. It requires swimmers to have an excellent sense of balance.


B. It requires expensive equipment.


C. It was invented by the native Hawaiians.


D. Anyone who wants to try surfing need to be a good swimmer.
Câu 3: The water around the Hawaiian Islands is ____.


A. often quite cold  


B. full of colorful things to see


C. usually very dark 


D. full of dangerous fish 
Câu 4: According to the passage, scuba diving ____.


A. is an ancient Hawaiian water sport         


B. requires good balance


C. is the only way to see the fish underwater     


D. requires special equipment and training
Câu 5: It can be inferred from the passage that _______.


A. water sports are all expensive       


B. you need to take serious courses for all water sports


C. everyone can find a way to enjoy sports in the water


D. swimming in Hawaii can be dangerous
Câu 6: The passage is mainly about _______.


A. water sports in Hawaii    


B. water sports around the world


C. tourist activities in Hawaii     


D. an adventure under water
Câu 7: The word “proper” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.


A. informative           


B. appropriate           


C. short and clear 


D. enthusiastic
Câu 8: The word “this” in the second paragraph refers to _______.


A. standing on the board    


B. keeping balanced and not falling down


C. The wave beginning to rise           


D. staying on top of the wave
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