Đáp án:`đk:x ne -3`
`a)P in ZZ`
`=>x^2+16 vdots x+3`
`=>x^2-9+25 vdots x+3`
`=>(x-3)(x+3)+25 vdots x+3`
`=>25 vdots x+3`
`=>x+3 in Ư(25)={+-1,+-5,+-25}`
`=>x in {-2,-4,2,-8,22,-28}`
`b)A=P(x+3)-7x`
`=x^2+16-7x`
`=x^2-7x+49/4+15/4`
`=(x-7/2)^2+15/4>=15/4`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=7/2.`