a) x^2y – y = y(x^2-1) = y(x-1)(x+1)
b) z^2 – x^2 + 10xy – 25y^2 = z^2 – (x^2 – 10xy + 25y^2) = z^2 – (x-5y)^2 = (z+x-5y)(z-x+5y)
c) x^2(x-y) + 4(y-x)x – 12(x-y) = x^2(x-y) – 4x(x-y) – 12(x-y) = (x-y)(x^2-4x-12) = (x-y)(x^2+2x-6x-12) = (x-y) [x(x+2) – 6(x+2)] = (x-y)(x-6)(x+2)