`a)`
`4x^2 - 4y^2 - 4y - 1`
`= 4x^2 - (4y^2 + 4y +1)`
` = (2x)^2 - [ (2y)^2 + 2 . 2y . 1 + 1^2 ]`
` = (2x)^2 - (2y + 1)^2`
` = [2x - (2y+1)] . [2x + (2y+1)]`
` = (2x - 2y -1).(2x + 2y+1)`
`b)`
`x^2 - x + 1/4`
` = x^2 - 2 . x . 1/2 + (1/2)^2`
` = (x-1/2)^2`
`c)`
`25 - x^2 + 10xy - 25y^2`
` = 25 - (x^2 - 10xy + 25y^2)`
` = 5^2 - [ x^2 - 2 . x . 5y + (5y)^2]`
` = 5^2 - (x - 5y)^2`
` = [ 5 - (x-5y)] . [ 5 + (x-5y)]`
` = (5 - x + 5y) . (5 + x - 5y)`