VII:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B , C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions                                                     Ethology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists, Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.    Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the early following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not present during this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead . Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in child Development” the critical period . It refers to a limited times span during which the child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably stimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whether complex cognitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods. for example, if children are deprived of adequate food or physical and social stimulation during the early years of life, will their intelligence be permanently impaired? If language is not mastered during the preschool years, is the child’s capacity to acquire it reduced?  Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents. He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling, grasping, and crying, are built-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach, care for, and interact with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensure that the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation and affection necessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deep affectional tie between parent and baby.
Câu 1: What was Darwin’s contribution to ethology?


A. Darwin was the first person to apply ethological theory to children.


B. Darwin’s work provided the basis for ethology.


C. Darwin was the professor who taught Lorenz and Tinbergen.


D. Darwin improved on the original principles of ethology.
Câu 2: The word “diverse” is closest in meaning to


A.  small          


B. wild   


C. varied            


D. particular
Câu 3: The word “ensures” is closest in meaning to


A. assumes         


B. guarantees      


C.  proves    


D.  teaches
Câu 4: According to the passage, if a mother goose is not present during the time period when imprinting takes place, which of the following will most likely occur?


A.  The mother will later imprint on the gosling.


B. The gosling may not find a mate when it matures.


C. The gosling will not imprint on any object.


D. The gosling may imprint on another object.
Câu 5: The word “it” refers to


A. time      


B. object


C. development        


D. goose
Câu 6: The word “suitably” is closest in meaning to


A. moderately  


B. appropriately  


C. willingly                


D. emotionally
Câu 7: The author mentions all of the following as attachment behaviors of human infants EXCEPT


A.  smiling    


B. crying    


C. eating       


D. grasping
Câu 8: According to the passage, attachment behaviors of infants are intended to


A.  prepare the infant to cope with separation


B. provide the infant with a means of self-stimulation


C. allow the infant to become imprinted on objects that resemble the parent


D.  get the physical, emotional and social needs of the infant met
Câu 9: The phrase “affectional tie” is closest in meaning to


A.  behavioral change             


B. psychological need


C. cognitive development     


D. emotional attachment
Câu 10: It can be inferred from the passage that ethological theory assumes that


A. failure to imprint has no influence on intelligence


B. to learn about human behavior only human subjects should be studied


C. there are similarities between animal and human behavior


D.  the notion of critical periods applies only to animals
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C.
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I:Choose one word whose stress pattern is different. Identify your answer by circling the corresponding letter  
Câu 1:


A. solidarity


B. organize


C. represent   


D. academic
Câu 2:


A. gorilla   


B. typical      


C. primary      


D. nursery
Câu 3:


A. successfully           


B. defensive    


C. curriculum     


D. calculation

A.
B.
C.
D.

Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. 
Câu 1: He tried to study hard. However, he didn’t get high marks.
No matter ______ _____ .
 
Câu 2: He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful.
If ______ _____.
Câu 3:  
She locked the door so that nobody would disturb her.
She locked the door to _____.
Câu 4: If I were you, I’d look for another job” he said to me.
He suggested ______ _____.
 
Câu 5: I always think about transport costs when job hunting.
I always ______ _____.

A.
B.
C.
D.

VIII:Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on you answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Câu 1:


A. twenty 


B.  hundred 


C. thirteen     


D. fifty
Câu 2:


A. infer      


B. answer 


C. refer   


D. deter
Câu 3:


A. exception


B. linguistics  


C. paragraph       


D. specific

A.
B.
C.
D.

V:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the following blanks. Stress      Stress is important. We all need a certain amount of it in order to (46) ________ fulfilling lives. However, if we have too much of it, it can have the opposite effect. Some people can tolerate greater (47) ________ of stress than others, but most of us will (48) ________ at some time in our lives. It is, (49) ________ , a good idea to learn a few stress management techniques. Identifying the cause of the problem we have, so that we can (50) ________ it more effectively, is one of the first step towards reducing stress. The second is talking to a person you can trust, who will listen and, if necessary, give you some positive advice. Not only are smoking and drinking (51) ________ to our health, they actually increase stress (52) ________ than reduce it. So, next time you want to relax, instead of reaching for that glass of wine or a cigarette, have a warm bath or go for a walk. Walking has more than health (53) ________. It helps you think more clearly, (54) ________. Pets have calming influences on us, unless they make noise which irritates us. In fact, unwanted noises should be avoided as far as possible. On the other hand, laughter is one of the best ways to make yourself feel (55) ________ better.
Câu 1: ________ ( 46 )


A. guide 


B. lead         


C. carry   


D. spend
Câu 2: ________ ( 47 )


A. levels    


B. proportion        


C.  an amount     


D. limit
Câu 3: ________ ( 48 )


A. undergo    


B. suffer       


C. tolerate      


D. torture
Câu 4: ________ ( 49 )


A. nevertheless     


B. so 


C. however  


D. therefore
Câu 5: ________ ( 50 )


A. make


B. solve  


C. do


D. cope
Câu 6: ________ ( 51 )


A. negative 


B.  destructive   


C. harmful  


D. bad
Câu 7: ________ ( 52 )


A. more


B.  rather    


C. other     


D. better
Câu 8: ________ ( 53 )


A. goods


B.  convenience  


C.  advantage     


D. benefits
Câu 9: ________ ( 54 )


A. too         


B.  either   


C. yet           


D. likewise
Câu 10: ________ ( 55 )


A. consider


B. considerate


C. considerable   


D. considerably
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II:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questionsA considerable body of research has demonstrated a correlation between birth order and aspects such as temperament and behavior, and some psychologists believe that birth order significantly affects the development of personality. Psychologist Alfred Adler was a pioneer in the study of the relationship between birth order and personality. A key point in his research and in the hypothesis that he developed based on it was that it was not the actual numerical birth position that affected personality; instead, it was the similar responses in large numbers of families to children in specific birth order positions that had an effect. For example, first-borns, who have their parents to themselves initially and do not have to deal with siblings in the first part of their lives, tend to have their first socialization experiences with adults and therefore tend to find the process of peer socialization more difficult. In contrast, later-born children have to deal with siblings from the first moment of their lives and therefore tend to have stronger socialization skills.Numerous studies since Adler’s have been conducted on the effect of birth order and personality. These studies have tended to classify birth order types into four different categories: first-born, second-born and/or middle, last, and only child.Studies have consistently shown that first-born children tend to exhibit similar, positive and negative personality traits. First-borns have consistently been linked with academic achievement in various studies; in one study, the number of National Merit scholarship winners who are first-borns was found to be equal to the number of second-and third-borns combined. First-borns have been found to be more responsible and assertive than those born in other birth-order positions and tend to rise to positions of leadership more often than others; more first-borns have served in the U.S. Congress and as U.S. presidents than have those born in other birth-order positions. However, studies have shown that first-borns tend to be more subject to stress and were considered problem children more often than later-borns.Second-born and/or middle children demonstrate markedly different tendencies from first-borns. They tend to feel inferior to the older child or children because it is difficult for them to comprehend that their lower level of achievement is a function of age rather than ability, and they often try to succeed in areas other than those in which their older sibling or siblings excel. They tend to be more trusting, accepting, and focused on others than the more self-centered first-borns, and they tend to have a comparatively higher level of success in team sports than do first-borns or only children, who more often excel in individual sports.The last-born child is the one who tends to be the eternal baby of the family and thus often exhibits a strong sense of security. Last-borns collectively achieve the highest degree of social success and demonstrate the highest levels of self-esteem of all the birth-order positions. They often exhibit less competitiveness than older brothers and sisters and are more likely to take part in less competitive group games or in social organizations such as sororities and fraternities.Only children tend to exhibit some of the main characteristics of first-borns and some of the characteristics of last-borns. Only children tend to exhibit the strong sense of security and self-esteem exhibited by last-borns while, like first-borns, they are more achievement oriented and more likely than middle-or last-borns to achieve academic success. However, only children tend to have the most problems establishing close relationships and exhibit a lower need for affiliation than other children.
Câu 1: The word body in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by________.


A. corpse             


B. amount        


C. organization     


D. skeleton
Câu 2: The word key in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by________.


A. locked    


B. secret    


C. studied       


D. significant
Câu 3: The word it in paragraph 1 refers to________.


A. personality        


B. component    


C. research   


D. hypothesis
Câu 4: What is stated in paragraph 1 about Adler?


A. He was one of the first to study the effect of birth order on personality.


B.  He believed that it was the actual birth order that affected personality.


C. He had found that the responses by family members had little to do with personality.


D. He was the only one to study birth order.
Câu 5: The word traits in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to________.


A.  stresses  


B. marks        


C. characteristics  


D. fears
Câu 6: Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the italic sentence in paragraph 3? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information


A.  In spite of certain characteristics that first-borns possess, many of them become leaders.


B. An interesting fact that is difficult to explain is that many first-borns have served in high government positions.


C.  Because first-borns tend to be very assertive, they are uncomfortable serving in government positions.


D. Several examples support the idea that first-borns have characteristics that make them leaders.
Câu 7: The word accepting in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________.


A. tolerant        


B. affectionate         


C. admissible  


D. respectable
Câu 8: Which of the following is NOT true?


A.  First-borns tend to do well in individual sports.  


B. Middle children tend to have a preference for team sports.


C. Last-borns tend to prefer games with fierce competition.


D. Only children tend to prefer individual over team sports.
Câu 9: The phrase more achievement oriented in the paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to ________.


A. more directly involved          


B. more focused on accomplishments


C. more skilled as leaders        


D. more aware of surroundings
Câu 10: Which of the following would be most likely to have a successful career but few close friendships?


A. A second-born


B. A middle child      


C.  A last-born 


D.  An only child
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B.
C.
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Read the following passage  and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for  the questions.  Although noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound,  is a widely recognized form of pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort experienced by different individuals is highly subjective and, therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may be slightly irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause hearing loss. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a by product of our advancing technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it.          Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid, and is, therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection.          Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings.  In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline  released in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes after the sound has ceased.          Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same way that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America’s number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses  exposed to noise tend to be overactive, they cry easily, and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after birth. In addition, the psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety increase, affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other.
Câu 1: Which of the following is the author’s main point?
          


A. Noise may pose a serious threat to our physical and psychological health.


B. Loud noises signal danger.


C. Hearing loss is America’s number one nonfatal health problem


D. The ear is not like the eye.
Câu 2: According to the passage, what is noise?
 


A. Unwanted sound


B. A by-product of technology


C. Physical and psychological harm


D. Congestion
Câu 3: Why is noise difficult to measure?
      


A.  It causes hearing loss 


B. All people do not respond to it in the same way


C. It is unwanted 


D. People become accustomed to it
Câu 4: The word "congested" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
 


A. hazardous  


B. polluted  


C. crowded 


D. rushed
Câu 5: It can be inferred from the passage that the eye


A. responds to fear


B. enjoys greater protection than the ear


C. increases functions  


D.  is damaged by noise
Câu 6: According to the passage, people respond to loud noises in the same way that they respond to
   


A. annoyance


B. disease 


C. damage 


D. danger
Câu 7: The word "accelerate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
    


A. decrease


B. alter 


C. increase 


D. release
Câu 8: The word "it" in the first paragraph refers to


A. the noise  


B. the quality of life  


C. advancing technology 


D. a by-product
Câu 9: With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?
          


A. Noise is not a serious problem today


B. Noise is America’s number one problem


C. Noise is an unavoidable problem in an industrial society


D. Noise is a complex problem
Câu 10: The phrase "as well" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
 


A. after all


B. also  


C. instead 


D. regardless
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A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Câu 1:


A. bury                         


B.  fury  


C. pure    


D. secure
Câu 2:


A. sodium                    


B. solid     


C. solitude  


D. solvent

A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the better A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word about differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Câu 1:


A. submissive  


B. deductive


C. attentive    


D. relative
Câu 2:


A. attract        


B. marry 


C. demand   


D. connect
Câu 3:


A. outlook                  


B.  legend 


C. reserve


D. nonsense

A.
B.
C.
D.

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word given and between one and four other words. Do not change the word given
Câu 1: What a pity you didn’t come to the party.        ( wish )
=>  I _____________________ to the party.
Câu 2: There’s no need for him to spend so much money.        ( Have )
=> He ____________________ so much money.
Câu 3: This information is so useless that it’s not worth keeping it secret.    ( Such )
=>  This __________________ that it’s not worth keeping it secret.
Câu 4: They think that their school teacher is a very rich man.       ( Believed )
=>  Their school teacher _____________ a very rich man.
Câu 5: The hairdresser did Mary’s hair last Tuesday.          ( Had )
=>  Mary _________________ last Tuesday.

A.
B.
C.
D.