REWRITE         Although/ in spite of

1. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.

à In spite of getting up early, he was late for the first train.

1. Though English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.

à In spite of the fact that English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.

1. Although he is an excellent doctor, he can’t cure liver cancer.

à Despite being a good doctor, he can’t cure liver cancer

1. Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she wants to buy that new car.

à Despite not having enough money, my friend wants to buy that new car.

1. Although Mai didn’t speak English well, she decided to live in London.

à In spite of not speaking English well. Mai decided to live in London.

1. Although he is sick, he goes to school.

à In spite of being sick, he goes to school.

1. Although Lan was tired, she did all her homework carefully.

à Despite of being tired, Lan did all her homework carefully.

1. Despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city.

à Though the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.

1. In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movie.

à Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.

1. They worked very hard in spite of their old age.

à Although they are old, they work very hard.

1. Everybody has a great regard for her despite her poverty.

à Although she is pool, everybody has a great regard.

Because/ because of

1. Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick.

àBecause of being sick, Peter didn’t go to school yesterday.

1. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

àBecause of felling tired, Mary went to bed early.

1. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.

àBecause of  having a bad cold, She didn’t go to the circus with Betty.

1. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.

àBecause of working hard, John succeeded in his exam.

1. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.

àBecause of her mother, sickness, Mary stayed at home.

1. I like him because his father is kind to me.

àBecause of his father, kindness to me, I like him.

1. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

àBecause of it is difficulty, I couldn’t do the test.

1. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

àBecause of it is difficulty, I couldn’t do the test

1. We arrived late because of the bad traffic.

à Because the traffic was bad, we arrived late.

1. He couldn’t sleep because of his worries.

à Because he was worried, he couldn’t sleep.

1. He is tired because of staying up late last night.

à Because he stay up late last night, he very tired.

1. Maria couldn’t return home because of losing all her money.

à Because she lost all her money, Maria couldn’t return home.

1. Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the lesson for him.

à Because my friendss absent, I have to copy the lesson for him.

REWRITE         Although/ in spite of

1. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.

 In spite of getting up early, he was late for the first train.

2. Though English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.

 In spite of the fact that English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.

3. Although he is an excellent doctor, he can’t cure liver cancer.

 Despite being a good doctor, he can’t cure liver cancer

7. Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she wants to buy that new car.

 Despite not having enough money, my friend wants to buy that new car.

8. Although Mai didn’t speak English well, she decided to live in London.

 In spite of not speaking English well. Mai decided to live in London.

9. Although he is sick, he goes to school.

 In spite of being sick, he goes to school.

10. Although Lan was tired, she did all her homework carefully.

 Despite being tired, Lan did all her homework carefully.

11. Despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city.

 Though the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city. 

12. In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movie.

 Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.

13. They worked very hard in spite of their old age.

 Although they are old, they work very hard.

14. Everybody has great regard for her despite her poverty.

 Although she is pool, everybody has great regard.

Because/ because of

1. Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick.

Because of being sick, Peter didn’t go to school yesterday.

2. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.

3. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.

Because of having a bad cold, She didn’t go to the circus with Betty.

4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.

Because of working hard, John succeeded in his exam.

5. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.

Because of her mother, sickness, Mary stayed at home.

6. I like him because his father is kind to me.

Because of his father, kindness to me, I like him.

7. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

Because it is a difficulty, I couldn’t do the test.

8. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

Because it is a difficulty, I couldn’t do the test

9. We arrived late because of the bad traffic.

 Because the traffic was bad, we arrived late.

10. He couldn’t sleep because of his worries.

 Because he was worried, he couldn’t sleep.

11. He is tired because of staying up late last night.

 Because he stays up late last night, he very tired.

12. Maria couldn’t return home because of losing all her money.

 Because she lost all her money, Maria couldn’t return home.

13. Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the lesson for him.

Because my friends are absent, I have to copy the lesson for him.