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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 12-19.Scientists have identified two ways in which species disappear. The first is through ordinary or ‘background’ extinctions, where species that fail to adapt are slowly replaced by more adaptable life forms. The second is when large numbers of species go to the wall in relatively short periods of biological time. There have been five such extinctions, each provoked by cataclysmic evolutionary events caused by some geological eruption, climate shift, or space junk slamming into the Earth. Scientists now believe that another mass extinction of species is currently under way – and this time human fingerprints are on the trigger.How are we are doing it? Simply by demanding more and more space for ourselves. In our assault on the ecosystems around us we have used a number of tools, from spear and gun to bulldozer and chainsaw. Certain especially rich ecosystems have proved the most vulnerable. In Hawaii more than half of the native birds are now gone – some 50 species. Such carnage has taken place all across the island communities of the Pacific and Indian oceans. While many species were hunted to extinction, others simply succumbed to the ‘introduced predators’ that humans brought with them: the cat, the dog, the pig, and the rat.Today the tempo of extinction is picking up speed. Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, tusks, and internal organs, or taken as savage pets. Today the main threat comes from the destruction of the habitat of wild plants, animals, and insects need to survive. The draining and damming of wetland and river courses threatens the aquatic food chain and our own seafood industry. Overfishing and the destruction of fragile coral reefs destroy ocean biodiversity. Deforestation is taking a staggering toll, particularly in the tropics where the most global biodiversity is at risk. The shrinking rainforest cover of the Congo and Amazon river basins and such place as Borneo and Madagascar have a wealth of species per hectare existing nowhere else. As those precious hectares are drowned or turned into arid pasture and cropland, such species disappear forever.Source: Final Countdown Practice Tests by D.F Piniaris, Heinle Cengage Learning, 2010
Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?


A. Human activity and its impact on a mass extinction of species


B. The two ways in which species disappear


C. The tempo of extinction of species today


D. Deforestation as a major cause of mass extinctions of species
Câu 2: The word assault in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.


A. development                    


B. attack                                 


C. effort                                  


D. influence
Câu 3: All of the following are mentioned as a form of habitat destruction EXCEPT ________.


A. destroying coral reefs      


B. cutting down forests


C. damming wetlands and rivers  


D. hunting rare birds and animals
Câu 4: What was the main threat to biodiversity in Hawaii and other islands in the Pacific and Indian oceans until recently?


A. tools used by human beings     


B. human assault on ecosystems


C. vulnerable rich ecosystems    


D. hunters and introduced predators
Câu 5: The word them in paragraph 2 refers to _______.


A. species                             


B. oceans                                


C. predators                            


D. humans
Câu 6: Which is no longer considered a major cause of the mass extinction under way currently?


A. the building of dams across rivers           


B. the destruction of habitats of species


C. the shrinking of rainforests in the tropics      


D. the killing of animals for their body parts
Câu 7: The word butchered in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.


A. raised                               


B. traded                                 


C. cooked                               


D. killed
Câu 8: It can be inferred from the passage that _______.


A. the current mass extinction is different from the other five in that it is caused by humans


B. hunting is the major contributing factor that speeds up the extinction of species


C. habitat destruction makes a minor contribution to the current mass extinction of species


D. it’s impossible for scientists to identify the causes of mass extinctions of species
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 7-11. A Working VacationHave you ever wondered what it would be like to get your dream job? It can take years to get the education and develop the skills you need for the perfect job. However, there is a way to experience your dream job without having to get the required training or degree. Since 2004, Brian Kurth’s company, Vocation Vacations, has been connecting people with mentors who have the jobs of their dreams.Kurth had been working for a phone company before starting his own company. He didn’t like his job, and he had a long time to think about it on his drive to and from work. He also thought about his dream job while driving. He was interested in becoming a dog trainer, but he didn’t want to take any chances and switch to a field he didn’t have experience in. He really wanted to know what the job was like and if it was realistic for him to work towards his goal. So, he found a mentor – a dog trainer that could tell him about the job and everything it involved. After that, he helped his friends find mentors to explore jobs they were interested in. They thought it was helpful to talk to people who had their dream jobs before spending lots of time and money getting the training they needed for those jobs.Kurth saw how much this helped his friends, so he decided to turn it into his business. He started Vocation Vacations in 2004, and by 2005, the company was offering experience with over 200 dream jobs. Today, about 300 mentors work with the company to share their knowledge about their jobs. Customers pay to experience the job of their dreams and work with these mentors to see what a job is really like. A “job vacation” costs between 350USD and 3,000USD and can be for one to three days. Many people use Vocation Vacations to see if their dream job is a career path they want to continue. Others do it just to experience the job of their dreams one time.Vocation Vacations jobs are in the fields of fashion, food, entertainment, sports and animals. Many people want to try glamorous jobs. For example, they want to try working as actors, music producers, photographers and fashion designers. According to Kurth, some other popular dream jobs are working as bakers, hotel managers and wedding planners.Source: Summit 2 by Pearson Education, 2017
Câu 1: What is the passage mainly about?


A. A company where people can experience their dream jobs


B. A company where people get the training for their dream jobs


C. Brian Kurth’s dream job as a dog trainer


D. Brian Kurth’s company as a dream job provider
Câu 2: The word their in paragraph 3 refers to _______.


A. jobs                                  


B. mentors                              


C. customers                           


D. experiences
Câu 3: What do mentors at Vocation Vacations do?


A. explore jobs that people are interested in    


B. train people for their dream jobs


C. give people advice on how to choose a job       


D. show people what their jobs are like
Câu 4: The word glamorous in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.


A. uncommon                       


B. attractive                            


C. unskilled                            


D. ordinary
Câu 5: All of the following are true about Vocation Vacations EXCEPT ______.


A. it belongs to Brian Kurth       


B. the company was started in 2004


C. the company hires about 300 mentors  


D. it provides jobs in many different fields

A.
B.
C.
D.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 50.            Transportation accounts for up to one-third of greenhouse gas emissions from the world’s biggest cities and traffic is the largest source of toxic air pollution. To create sustainable, healthy and livable cities, we need to increase the number of cyclists on our streets, and that means getting more women on their bikes. In San Francisco, only 29% of cyclists are women; in Barcelona, there are three male cyclists for every female cyclist; in London, 37% of cyclists are female.            Surveys reveal that potential cyclists of all genders are deterred by similar concerns, including aggressive and speeding drivers, the threat posed by large vehicles such as lorries and buses, and bike theft. However, women disproportionately view protected cycle lanes as a more urgent priority. According to research about women and cycling in San Francisco, cities should invest in protected cycle lanes with consistent and clear signage that function as a joined-up network to encourage female riders. Together with more secure cycle parking, these infrastructure investments would make cycling safer, supporting those who already cycle and encouraging those who do not yet ride.            People do what they perceive to be possible. Research in San Francisco found that women, especially women of colour, felt that “people like me” do not cycle. Similarly, 49% of people in London say they do not feel cycling is for “people like them”. More diverse and inclusive imagery of cyclists (in policy documents, in the media and on city streets) could help challenge these perceptions and make more people feel that cycling is for everyone. Social events that enable women to try cycling in a relaxed environment, perhaps as part of a buddy or mentor system that pairs experienced cyclists with those newer to cycling, can help make cycling more accessible and inclusive, along with approaches such as female-led maintenance classes.            The different decisions men and women make about cycling are not only based on issues of convenience or comfort. People’s perceptions of safety influence how, when, where and why they travel. Women and girls learn early on to worry about their personal safety when out and about, and to change their behaviour, dress, speech and travel patterns to avoid sexual harassment or violence. Cities must take women’s and girls’ safety considerations seriously through initiatives such as safety audits.
Câu 1: What is the passage mainly about?


A. Ways to enable women to cycle in a relaxed environment.


B. Women learn to avoid sexual harassment or violence.


C. How to make cycling safer for women.


D. How to get more women cycling in cities.
Câu 2: The word “deterred” in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.


A. prevented                


B. motivated                


C. encouraged             


D. decided
Câu 3: According to paragraph 2, cities should invest in transport infrastructure ______.


A. to attract people who do not cycle yet      


B. to promote public transport


C. to encourage male cyclists


D. to enable people to use their private cars
Câu 4: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?


A. Traffic in big cities is partly blamed for air pollution.


B. The time when people travel does not depend on the degree of safety they perceive.


C. There hasn’t been a great deal of publicity for all kinds of cyclists.


D. In order to make cycling more popular, female cyclists should be encouraged to travel alone.
Câu 5: The word “their” in paragraph 4 refers to ______.


A. girls                        


B. people’s perceptions       


C. women                   


D. women and girls

A.
B.
C.
D.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 45.            Oxford University scientists have launched an attempt to bring the Northern White Rhinoceros back from beyond the “point of no return” using IVF (In Vitro Fertilization). The team believes a pioneering treatment can prompt a revival of the persecuted species, despite the death last year of the last known male and the fact that the two remaining females, Najin and Fatu, cannot have calves.       One of two subspecies of White Rhinoceros, the Northern Rhinoceros once ranged over tracts of Uganda, Sudan, Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, the value of its horns saw it poached from a population of approximately 500 to 15 in the 1970s and 1980s. A small recovery - numbers reached 32 - from the early 1990s was then reversed from 2003 when illegal hunting intensified again.         The Oxford researchers believe that it will be possible to remove ovarian tissue from the animals and stimulate it to produce eggs, which would then be fertilised from sperm preserved from male Northern White Rhinoceros. The embryos would then be implanted into a surrogate mother of a similar species, probably a Southern White Rhinoceros. The technique has been used successfully in mice for nearly two decades; it has also been accomplished for some species of dog, horse and cat. However, it has never been attempted before on a rhinoceros, meaning the Oxford team plan to perfect it first by conducting a series of trials on ovarian tissue taken from a Southern White Rhinoceros.            In principle, the benefit of removing ovarian tissue for use in the lab is that it can go on producing eggs. Other researchers are exploring the possibility of using the remaining Northern White Rhinoceros sperm to cross-breed with Southern White Rhinoceros, however, Dr Williams believes the focus should be on preserving the identity of the northern species. “This will be a huge buffer against disease and ill-health in the long-term, and give the new herds better genetic ability to adapt to changing environments in the future.”            Najin was born in captivity in 1989 and Fatu in 2000. They both belong to the Cvur Kralove Zoo in the Czech Republic, which shipped them to the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya in 2009 amid tight security. In place of their horns, keepers have fitted radio transmitters to allow close monitoring of their whereabouts in the large paddock areas. The team has enough funding for three years’ research, donated from Foundation Hoffman, however, Oxford University has launched a public appeal to raise the money to secure the project long term.
Câu 1: Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?


A. Oxford University in an Attempt to Protect an Endangered Species.


B. Oxford University to Launching a Campaign to Raise Public Awareness of Rhinoceros.


C. Oxford University Pondering Changes to Fertilizing Techniques.


D. Oxford University Holding a Public Appealto Raise the Animal Protection Fund.
Câu 2: According to paragraph 2, the number of Northern Rhinoceros _______.


A. has been dramatically dropped since 2003, after a long time of continuous development


B. has been descended as a result of illegal hunting since people began to value its horns


C. decreased from approximately 500 to 32 in the 1970s and 1980s because of poaching


D. was relatively small in Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Câu 3: The word “its” in paragraph 2 refers to _____?


A. Southern White Rhinoceros


B. Nothern White Rhinoceros


C. subspecies                                                  


D. White Rhinoceros
Câu 4: The word “intensified” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.


A. introduced              


B. discouraged                        


C. eliminated               


D. increased
Câu 5: According to the passage, Najin and Fatu are mentioned about all of the following EXCEPT ______.


A. their origin           


B. their gender   


C. their strength    


D. their habitat
Câu 6: The word “surrogate” in paragraph 3 mostly means ________.           


A. considerate             


B. endurance               


C. prolific                    


D. substitute
Câu 7: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that ______.


A. Preserving the identity of the northern species is the priority in this period of time


B. Hybrid Rhinoceros can adapt to the future environment better than their ancestors


C. Dr William wants to promote cross-breeding Southern and Northern Rhinoceros


D. Cross-breeding always makes animals lose their natural ability to adapt the environment
Câu 8: Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?


A. Oxford University can afford a three-year project without being sponsored by any foundation.


B. Najin and Fatu are the last known female rhinos which can have calves naturally.


C. Researchers can find out the position of Najin and Fatu if they want.


D. The technique that Oxford University scientists use to breed rhinos has never been successful before.
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.In Britain, greetings cards are sold in chain stores and supermarkets, in newsagents’ shops, corner shops and, increasingly, in shops that specialize in the sale of cards and paper for wrapping presents in.The most common cards are birthday and Christmas cards. Many Christmas cards are sold in aid of charity and special ‘charity card shops’ are often set up in temporary premises in the weeks before Christmas. A wide variety of birthday cards is available to cater for different ages and tastes. Some, especially ones for young children or for people celebrating a particular birthday, have the person’s age on the front. Many have comic, often risqué, messages printed on them, and cartoon-style illustrations. Others are more sober, with reproductions of famous paintings or attractive original designs. The usual greeting on a birthday card is ‘Happy Birthday’, ‘Many Happy Returns’ or ‘Best Wishes for a Happy Birthday’.Some people also send special cards for Easter and New Year. Easter cards either portray images of spring, such as chicks, eggs, lambs, spring flowers, etc, or have a religious theme.Cards are produced for every ‘milestone’ in a person’s life. There are special cards for an engagement, a marriage, a new home, a birth, success in an examination, retirement, a death in the family, etc. Some are ‘good luck’ or ‘congratulations’ cards. Others, for example ‘get well’ cards for people who are ill, express sympathy. 
Câu 1: What is the passage mainly about?


A. Greetings Cards  


B. Birthday Cards   


C. Christmas Cards  


D. Easter Cards 
Câu 2: The word ‘some’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.


A. young children        


B. ages and tastes  


C. card shops       


D. birthday cards
Câu 3: Which of the following is NOT the usual greeting on a birthday card?


A. ‘Best Wishes for a Happy Birthday’          


B. ‘Happy Birthday’


C. ‘Good luck’        


D. ‘Many Happy Returns’
Câu 4: The word ‘milestone’ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.


A. a positive view        


B. a special gift 


C. an important event               


D. a convenient way
Câu 5: It can be inferred from the passage that ______.


A. greetings cards are used on many different occasions


B. there are few choices of birthday cards


C. greetings cards are not very popular in Britain


D. greetings cards are for children only

A.
B.
C.
D.

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