What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.Influence of climate changes on human lifestyles.
B.Global warming and species migration.
C.Effects of global warming on animals and plants
D.Global warming and possible solutions

According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animals tend to move _______.
A.south-eastwards and down mountainsides towards tower elevations
B.towards the North Pole and down mountainsides towards tower elevations.
C.towards the poles and up mountainsides towards higher elevations
D.north-eastwards and up mountainsides towards higher elevations

According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures, ________ .
A.they move to tropical forests.
B.they will certainly need water
C.they can begin to develop,
D.they may be endangered

The word "fragile” in paragraph 4 most probably means ________ .
A.rather strong
B.very large
C.pretty hard
D.easily damaged

The pronoun “those" in paragraph 2 refers to ________ .
A.ecosystems
B.species
C.areas
D.habitats

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
It used to be that people would drink coffee or tea in the morning to pick them up and get them going for the day. Then cola drinks hit the market. With lots of caffeine and sugar, these beverages soon became the pick-me-up of choice for many adults and teenagers. Now drink companies are putting out so-called "energy drinks." These beverages have the specific aim of giving tired consumers more energy.
One example of a popular energy drink is Red Bull. The company that puts out this beverage has stated in interviews that Red Bull is not a thirst quencher. Nor is it meant to be a fluid replacement drink for athletes. Instead, the beverage is meant to revitalize a tired consumer's body and mind. In order to do this, the makers of Red Bull, and other energy drinks, typically add vitamins and certain chemicals to their beverages. The added chemicals are like chemicals that the body naturally produces for energy. The vitamins, chemicals, caffeine, and sugar found in these beverages all seem like a sure bet to give a person energy.
Health professionals are not so sure, though. For one thing, there is not enough evidence to show that all of the vitamins added to energy drinks actually raise a person's energy level. Another problem is that there are so many things in the beverages. Nobody knows for sure how all of the ingredients in energy drinks work together.
Dr. Brent Bauer, one of the directors at the Mayo Clinic in the US, cautions people about believing all the claims energy drinks make. He says, —It is plausible if you put all these things together, you will get a good result. “However, Dr. Bauer adds the mix of ingredients could also have a negative impact on the body. - We just don't know at this point,” he says.
(Source: Reading Challenge 2, Casey Malarcher & Andrea Janzen, Compass Publishing)
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Colas have been on the market longer than energy drinks.
B.The makers of Red Bull say that it can a person.
C.Bauer does not seem to believe the claims of energy drink makers.
D.It has been scientifically proved that energy drinks work.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
It used to be that people would drink coffee or tea in the morning to pick them up and get them going for the day. Then cola drinks hit the market. With lots of caffeine and sugar, these beverages soon became the pick-me-up of choice for many adults and teenagers. Now drink companies are putting out so-called "energy drinks." These beverages have the specific aim of giving tired consumers more energy.
One example of a popular energy drink is Red Bull. The company that puts out this beverage has stated in interviews that Red Bull is not a thirst quencher. Nor is it meant to be a fluid replacement drink for athletes. Instead, the beverage is meant to revitalize a tired consumer's body and mind. In order to do this, the makers of Red Bull, and other energy drinks, typically add vitamins and certain chemicals to their beverages. The added chemicals are like chemicals that the body naturally produces for energy. The vitamins, chemicals, caffeine, and sugar found in these beverages all seem like a sure bet to give a person energy.
Health professionals are not so sure, though. For one thing, there is not enough evidence to show that all of the vitamins added to energy drinks actually raise a person's energy level. Another problem is that there are so many things in the beverages. Nobody knows for sure how all of the ingredients in energy drinks work together.
Dr. Brent Bauer, one of the directors at the Mayo Clinic in the US, cautions people about believing all the claims energy drinks make. He says, —It is plausible if you put all these things together, you will get a good result. “However, Dr. Bauer adds the mix of ingredients could also have a negative impact on the body. - We just don't know at this point,” he says.
(Source: Reading Challenge 2, Casey Malarcher & Andrea Janzen, Compass Publishing)
According to the passage, what makes it difficult for researchers to know if an energy drink gives people energy?
A.The number of beverage makers
B.The number of beverage makers
C.The mixture of various ingredients
D.Natural chemicals in a person's body

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
It used to be that people would drink coffee or tea in the morning to pick them up and get them going for the day. Then cola drinks hit the market. With lots of caffeine and sugar, these beverages soon became the pick-me-up of choice for many adults and teenagers. Now drink companies are putting out so-called "energy drinks." These beverages have the specific aim of giving tired consumers more energy.
One example of a popular energy drink is Red Bull. The company that puts out this beverage has stated in interviews that Red Bull is not a thirst quencher. Nor is it meant to be a fluid replacement drink for athletes. Instead, the beverage is meant to revitalize a tired consumer's body and mind. In order to do this, the makers of Red Bull, and other energy drinks, typically add vitamins and certain chemicals to their beverages. The added chemicals are like chemicals that the body naturally produces for energy. The vitamins, chemicals, caffeine, and sugar found in these beverages all seem like a sure bet to give a person energy.
Health professionals are not so sure, though. For one thing, there is not enough evidence to show that all of the vitamins added to energy drinks actually raise a person's energy level. Another problem is that there are so many things in the beverages. Nobody knows for sure how all of the ingredients in energy drinks work together.
Dr. Brent Bauer, one of the directors at the Mayo Clinic in the US, cautions people about believing all the claims energy drinks make. He says, —It is plausible if you put all these things together, you will get a good result. “However, Dr. Bauer adds the mix of ingredients could also have a negative impact on the body. - We just don't know at this point,” he says.
(Source: Reading Challenge 2, Casey Malarcher & Andrea Janzen, Compass Publishing)
The word “plausible” in the passage is closest in meaning to________.
A.reasonable
B.unlikely
C.typical
D.impossible

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
It used to be that people would drink coffee or tea in the morning to pick them up and get them going for the day. Then cola drinks hit the market. With lots of caffeine and sugar, these beverages soon became the pick-me-up of choice for many adults and teenagers. Now drink companies are putting out so-called "energy drinks." These beverages have the specific aim of giving tired consumers more energy.
One example of a popular energy drink is Red Bull. The company that puts out this beverage has stated in interviews that Red Bull is not a thirst quencher. Nor is it meant to be a fluid replacement drink for athletes. Instead, the beverage is meant to revitalize a tired consumer's body and mind. In order to do this, the makers of Red Bull, and other energy drinks, typically add vitamins and certain chemicals to their beverages. The added chemicals are like chemicals that the body naturally produces for energy. The vitamins, chemicals, caffeine, and sugar found in these beverages all seem like a sure bet to give a person energy.
Health professionals are not so sure, though. For one thing, there is not enough evidence to show that all of the vitamins added to energy drinks actually raise a person's energy level. Another problem is that there are so many things in the beverages. Nobody knows for sure how all of the ingredients in energy drinks work together.
Dr. Brent Bauer, one of the directors at the Mayo Clinic in the US, cautions people about believing all the claims energy drinks make. He says, —It is plausible if you put all these things together, you will get a good result. “However, Dr. Bauer adds the mix of ingredients could also have a negative impact on the body. - We just don't know at this point,” he says.
(Source: Reading Challenge 2, Casey Malarcher & Andrea Janzen, Compass Publishing)
The beverages mentioned in the first paragraph aim to give consumers________.
A.more energy
B.more choices
C.caffeine
D.sugar

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
In summary, for most visitors, the Japanese are complex and difficult to understand. The graceful act of bowing is the traditional greeting. However, they have also adopted the western custom of shaking hands, but with a light grip. Meanwhile, to (31) _____ respect for their customs, it would flatter them to offer a slight bow when being introduced. It is a good idea to avoid hugging and kissing when greeting. It is considered rude to stare. Prolonged direct eye contact is considered to be (32) _____ or even intimidating. It is rude to stand (33) ______ your hand or hands in your pockets, especially when greeting someone (34) _____ when addressing a group of people. The seemingly simple act of exchanging business cards is more complex in Japan because the business card represents not only one's identity but also his status in life. Yours should be printed in your own language and in Japanese. The Japanese are not a touch-oriented society; so avoid open displays of affection, touching or any prolonged form of body contact. Queues are generally respected; especially in crowded train and subway stations (35) _____ the huge volume of people causes touching and pushing.
(34)
A.or
B.either
C.but
D.nor