______ (28)




A.had better
B.may
C.have to
D.should

Somebody repaired her bicycle last week.




A.She had her bicycle repair last week.
B.She had her bicycle to repair last week.
C.She had to repair her bicycle last week.
D.She had her bicycle repaired last week.

Choose the phrase that best completes the sentence.
After seeing a movie based on a novel,




A.the book was read by many people
B.the book made many people want to read it
C.many people wanted to read the book
D.many movies were more popular than the novels people read.

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.
The future of the African elephant depends on man. No (61)…………… can human beings and wild animals live in harmony throughout vast area of the continent as was possible in days gone by, (62)……… man’s needs have increased as well as his numbers. There are regions, such as the Congo forests and the equatorial Sudan, (63)…………. the old relationship may remain for a few more years or even generations, but in general it has gone. Conservation, if it is to be effective, should be a positive, constructive policy, and it is wishful thinking to imagine otherwise, (64)………. in the case of the elephant. And this is not yet true of the whole of Africa, it soon will be, for the (65)……… in the human population is almost universal. Where human beings and wild animals find themselves in competition with each other, the animals will (66)…… Even if there appears to be enough room for both, man will not (67)…… long a situation in which elephants and other (68)……….. make even occasional raids on his fields of food or economic crops. For many years this has been a major cause of (69)…… interests and one of the reasons why so many elephants have been shot to control their (70)………




A.for
B.although
C.but
D.and

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
In the first form, known as primary cooperation, groups and individuals fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s works are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.
Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in the fourth paragraph?




A.A students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades.
B.A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company.
C.Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party.
D.Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow.

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
In the first form, known as primary cooperation, groups and individuals fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s works are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.
What is the author’s main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage?




A.To explain how cooperation differs from competition and conflict
B.To show the importance of group organization and attitudes
C.To offer a brief definition of cooperation
D.To urge readers to cooperate more often

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
Fifty-five delegates representing all thirteen states except Rhode Island attended the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia from May to September 1787. The delegates had been instructed by the Continental Congress to revise the old Articles of Confederation, but most believed that a stronger central government was needed. There were differences, however, about what structure the government should take and how much influence large states should have.
Virginia was by far the most populous state, with twice as many as people as New York, four times as many as New Jersey, and ten times as many as Delaware. The leader of the Virginia delegation, James Madison, had already drawn up a plan for government, which became known as the Large State Plan. Its essence was that congressional representation would be based on population. It provided for two or more national executives. The smaller states feared that under this plan, a few large states would lord over the rest. New Jersey countered with the Small State Plan. It provided for equal representation for all states in a national legislature and for a single national executive. Angry debate, heightened by a stifling heat wave, led to deadlock.
A cooling of tempers seemed to come with lower temperatures. The delegates hammered out an agreement known as the Great Compromise- actually a bundle of shrewd compromises. They decided that Congress would consist of two houses. The larger states were granted representation based on population in the lower house, the House of Representatives. The smaller states were given equal representation in the upper house, the Senate, in which each state would have two senators regardless of population. It was also agreed that there would be a single executive, the president. This critical compromise broke the logjam, and from then on, success seemed within reach.

The phrase “this plan” refers to




A.the Small State Plan
B.a plan suggested by the national legislature
C.the Large State Plan
D.a compromise plan

Choose the word which has OPPOSITE meaning to the underlined word
Catherine the Great made a negligible effort to extend the freedoms of most Russians.




A.marginal
B.ignorant
C.significant
D.accidental

Choose the word which has CLOSEST meaning to the underlined word
Drivers who break traffic rules will be photographed.




A.destroy
B.hit
C.violate
D.assault

If I __________ 10 years younger, I ___________ the job.




A.am/will take
B.was/have taken
C.had been/ will have taken
D.were/ would take.