(41) 
A.For                          
B.But                          
C.While                      
D.Because

(38)
A.Luckily                   
B.Lucky                     
C.Unluckily               
D.Unlucky

(28) 
A.latter                                   
B.frontier                    
C.later                                    
D.latest

Exercise 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word orphrasethat best fits eachof the numbered blanks from 11 to 15.
Any change in one part of an ecosystem can cause changes in other parts. Droughts, storms and fires can change ecosystems. Some changes ____(11)___ ecosystems. If there is too little rainfall, plants will not have enough water to live. If a kind of plant dies off, the animals____(12)___feed on it may also die or move away.  Some changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need fires for the pine trees to reproduce. The seeds are sealed inside pinecones. Heat from a forest fire melts the seal and lets the seeds ____(13)___. Polluting the air, soil, and water can harm ecosystems. Building dams on rivers for electric power and irrigation can harm ecosystems ____(14)___ the rivers. Bulldozing wetlands and cutting down forests destroy ecosystems. Ecologists are working with companies and governments to find better ways of ___(15)____ fish, cutting down trees, and building dams. They are looking for ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people without causing harm to ecosystems.
(11) 
A.harms                      
B.harmful                   
C.harmless                 
D.harm

Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word orphrasethat best fits eachof the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
More than two hundred years ago, the term “environmental pollution” was quite strange to people. They lived healthily, drank (1)_____ water and breathed fresh air. In those days, industry was not well-developed. Nowadays, the situation is quite different. The world today is faced with many (2)_____ threats. People all over the world are worried (3)______ things that are happening to the environment. Actually, it is man (4)______ is destroying the surroundings with many kinds of wastes from the devices that makes human live more comfortable and convenient. Everybody knows that motorbikes and cars emit dangerous gases that cause poisonous air and cancer, but no one wants to travel on foot or by bicycle. Manufactures know that wastes from factories make water and soil polluted, but they do not want to spend a lot of their money on (5)_____ the wastes safely. Scattering rubbish is bad for our health, but no one wants to spend time burying it. Is it worth talking a lot about pollution?
(1) 
A.fresh                                   
B.pure                                    
C.clean                       
D.boiled

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 46 to 50.
Children (46) ______ this and other Finland public schools are given not only basic subject instruction in maths, language and science, but learning-through-play-based preschools and kindergartens, training in second languages, arts, crafts, music, physical education, ethics, and, amazingly, as many as for outdoor free-play breaks per day, each (47) ______ 15 minutes between classes, no matter how cold or wet the weather is. Educators and parents here believe that these breaks are a powerful engine of learning that improves almost all the “metrics” that (48) _____ most for children in school – executive function, concentration and cognitive focus, behavior, well-being, attendance, physical health, and yes, test scores, too.
The homework load for children in Finland varies by teacher, but is lighter overall than most other developed countries. This insight is supported by research, (49) _______ has found little academic benefit in childhood for any (50) ______ than brief sessions of homework until around high school.
(47) 
A.spending                 
B.taking                      
C.lasting                     
D.continuing

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45.
In summary, for most visitors, the Japanese are complex and difficult to understand. The graceful act of bowing is the traditional greeting. However, they have also adopted the western custom of shaking hands, but with a light grip. Meanwhile, to (41)_____ respect for their customs, it would flatter them to offer a slight bow when being introduced. It is a good idea to avoid hugging and kissing when greeting. It is considered rude to stare. Prolonged direct eye contact is considered to be (42)_____ or even intimidating. It is rude to stand (43) ______ your hand or hands in your pockets, especially when greeting someone (44)_____ when addressing a group of people. The seemingly simple act of exchanging business cards is more complex in Japan because the business card represents not only one's identity but also his status in life. Yours should be printed in your own language and in Japanese. The Japanese are not a touch-oriented society; so avoid open displays of affection, touching or any prolonged form of body contact. Queues are generally respected; especially in crowded train and subway stations (45)_____ the huge volume of people causes touching and pushing.
(41) 
A.show     
B.draw                       
C.pay                         
D.point

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40.
Many people enjoy lying in bed in the morning, but can you imagine having to spend 90 days in bed? Could you stand the boredom and the frustration of not being (36)           to get up? That was the task that  faced 14 volunteers when they started out on a bed-rest experiment being conducted (37)           the European Space Agency.
The study had a serious purpose: to investigate the changes that take place in the human body during long-duration spaceflight. Lying in a horizontal position was the best way of (38)           weightlessness. The aim was to discover what effect period of weightlessness will have on the health of astronauts spending several months on the International Space Station.
The volunteers ate their meals, took showers and underwent medical tests without ever sitting up. That's even tougher than it sounds, especially when you (39)           that no visitors were permitted. However, each volunteer did have a mobile phone, as well as access to the latest films, computer games and music.  Surprisingly, Everyone was in a good  (40)           at the end of the 90 days, 'I would do it again,' said one of the volunteers. 'It was disorientating, but we knew we were 'contributing to medical research and space exploration.'
(38)
A.simulated                       
B.simulate                          
C.to simulate 
D.simulating

Exercise 7. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
In Germany, it's important to be serious in a work situation. They don't mix work and play so you shouldn't make  jokes  (31)_____  you  do  in  the  UK  and  USA  when  you  first  meet  people.  They  work  in  a  very organized way and prefer to do one thing at a time. They don't like·interruptions or (32)_______ changes of schedule.  Punctuality  is  very  important  so  you  should  arrive  on  time  for  appointments. At  meeting, it's important to follow the agenda and not interrupt (33)_______ speaker. If you give a presentation, you should focus (34)_______  facts and technical information and the quality of your company's products. You should also prepare well, as they may ask a lot of questions. Colleagues normally use the family names, and title - for example 'Doctor' or 'Professor', so you shouldn't use first names (35)  _______ a person asks you to.
(31) 
A.while                      
B.as if  
C.such as     
D.as

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word orphrasethat best fits eachof the numbered blanks from 46 to 50.
Most people will come across money problems at some time in their lives. It often happens when they are students and they have to do a part-time job in order to make (46) ___ meet. This can be (47) _____, but sometimes it is the only way to survive. However, living on a (48) _____ budget is good training for the future. Everyone should learn to live within their (49)_____. Unfortunately, some people have totally unrealistic goals and think that one day they will have lots of money to pay off their debts.  Then they can become very depressed when they fail to achieve those goals. 
So, if you want to (50) ____ it in this world, you need to work hard and to have some good luck, too.
(47) 
A.conventional           
B.exhausting               
C.exhaustive              
D.meaningful