Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 23.
Any change in one part of an ecosystem can cause changes in other parts. Droughts, storms and fires can change ecosystems. Some changes (19)................ecosystems. If there is too little rainfall, plants will not have enough water to live. If a kind of plant dies off, the animals (20)................feed on it may also die or move away. Some changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need fires for the pine trees to reproduce. The seeds are sealed inside pinecones. Heat from a forest fire melts the seal and lets the seeds (21)................. Polluting the air, soil, and water can harm ecosystems. Building (22)................on rivers for electric power and irrigation can harm ecosystems around the rivers. Bulldozing wetlands and cutting down forests destroy ecosystems. Ecologists are working with companies and governments to find better ways of (23)................fish, cutting down trees, and building reservoirs. They are looking for ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people without causing harm to ecosystems.
(19)
A.harms
B.harmful
C.harmless
D.harm

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 23.
Any change in one part of an ecosystem can cause changes in other parts. Droughts, storms and fires can change ecosystems. Some changes (19)................ecosystems. If there is too little rainfall, plants will not have enough water to live. If a kind of plant dies off, the animals (20)................feed on it may also die or move away. Some changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need fires for the pine trees to reproduce. The seeds are sealed inside pinecones. Heat from a forest fire melts the seal and lets the seeds (21)................. Polluting the air, soil, and water can harm ecosystems. Building (22)................on rivers for electric power and irrigation can harm ecosystems around the rivers. Bulldozing wetlands and cutting down forests destroy ecosystems. Ecologists are working with companies and governments to find better ways of (23)................fish, cutting down trees, and building reservoirs. They are looking for ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people without causing harm to ecosystems.
(20)
A.who
B.where
C.that
D.when

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 23.
Any change in one part of an ecosystem can cause changes in other parts. Droughts, storms and fires can change ecosystems. Some changes (19)................ecosystems. If there is too little rainfall, plants will not have enough water to live. If a kind of plant dies off, the animals (20)................feed on it may also die or move away. Some changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need fires for the pine trees to reproduce. The seeds are sealed inside pinecones. Heat from a forest fire melts the seal and lets the seeds (21)................. Polluting the air, soil, and water can harm ecosystems. Building (22)................on rivers for electric power and irrigation can harm ecosystems around the rivers. Bulldozing wetlands and cutting down forests destroy ecosystems. Ecologists are working with companies and governments to find better ways of (23)................fish, cutting down trees, and building reservoirs. They are looking for ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people without causing harm to ecosystems.
(22)
A.moats
B.dams
C.ditches
D.bridges

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
"I was not there at the time," he said.
A.He denied to have been there at the time.
B.He denied that he had not been there at the time.
C.He denied to be there at the time.
D.He denied having been there at the time.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

A.survive
B.defend
C.swallow
D.appeal

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

A.tsunami
B.penalty
C.wilderness
D.podium

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Once in a while I visit my grandparents on the farm and stay there for some days.
A.Regularly
B.Sometimes
C.Usually
D.Rarely

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions from 33 to 35.
Careful planning is very important to help craft villages growing and flourish to attract more tourists to the country.
A.planning
B.growing
C.more
D.to the country

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40.
Since the world has become industrialized, there has been an increase in the number of animal species that have become extinct or nearly extinct. Bengal tigers, (36) ________ were once found in a large number in jungles, now are thought to be only 2,300 in number. By the year 2025, their (37) _______ in the world is estimated to be down to zero. The dangerous thing is that people don’t hunt them for money but mainly (38) ________ they enjoy hunting them. Animals like the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species are very important to the world’s ecosystem. International laws (39) _______ these animals must be passed to save them. Countries around the world have begun to solve the problem in various ways. Reserves and national parks have been established. Money provided (40) _______ world organizations has been spent on maintaining the parks. The use of products made from endangered species has been stopped.
(36)
A.whose
B.which
C.that
D.who

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40.
Since the world has become industrialized, there has been an increase in the number of animal species that have become extinct or nearly extinct. Bengal tigers, (36) ________ were once found in a large number in jungles, now are thought to be only 2,300 in number. By the year 2025, their (37) _______ in the world is estimated to be down to zero. The dangerous thing is that people don’t hunt them for money but mainly (38) ________ they enjoy hunting them. Animals like the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species are very important to the world’s ecosystem. International laws (39) _______ these animals must be passed to save them. Countries around the world have begun to solve the problem in various ways. Reserves and national parks have been established. Money provided (40) _______ world organizations has been spent on maintaining the parks. The use of products made from endangered species has been stopped.
(38)
A.because
B.so
C.therefore
D.for