Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars.
A.Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars.
B.The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area.
C.The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area.
D.Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Many consumers are prejudiced against commercial goods made in that country. They reject them without even before trying first. 
A.fair
B.biased
C.unreasonable
D.distinguishable

Read the passage carefully, then choose the best answer for each question.
WHO WAS SACAGAWEA?
There are more statues of her than of any other American woman. Her face is on a U.S. coin. Clearly, she was an important person. But what do we know about the real Sacagawea?
Sacagawea was part of a Native American tribe called the Shoshone. At the age of 13, she was taken away by people from the Hidatsa tribe. She was living among the Hidatsa when Meriwether Lewis and William Clark met her in 1804.
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were mapmakers. These pioneers were exploring the western part of the U.S. Because Sacagawea spoke two different Native American languages, they asked her to travel with them, along with her husband and baby son.
Sacagawea became an important part of the group and helped the explorers in many ways. For example, on May 14, 1805, a strong storm tipped over  one of their boats. Sacagawea stayed calm. She acted quickly and was able to save many of the maps and other things from the water. Her actions saved important knowledge from being lost.
As they traveled, Sacagawea helped Lewis and Clark talk to the Native American people in each village they visited. She helped the explorers make friends among the Native Americans, so they could trade with them. She also helped Lewis and Clark find a way across the mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and helped them find food on the way.
Sacagawea died when she was about 25. Sadly, we don't know much more about this amazing woman. But two hundred years later, she is remembered as an important woman in U.S. history.
Which of the following did Sacagawea do to help Lewis and Clark?
A.She helped them draw maps of the places they saw.
B.She saved their lives from a strong storm.
C.She saved their lives when wild animals attacked them.
D.She helped them make friends with the native people.

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 41 to 45.
CHESS
Chess, often (41)______ to as the Royal Game, is the oldest of all board games which do not contain an element of chance.
The origins of chess are uncertain, (42)______ there are a number of legends regarding its invention. One story says that it was King Solomon who invented chess, another that it was the Greek god Hermes, and yet another that the Chinese mandarin Han-Sing was responsible for its creation. In fact, chess almost certainly originated in India in the sixth or seventh century AD. The game’s popularity then spread quickly through Persia (now known as Iran) and from there came to Europe. The first documented reference to chess in literature is in a Persian romance which was written about 600 AD.
It is (43)_______ the word ‘chess’ comes from ‘shah’, the Persian word for ‘king’ and that ‘checkmate’, the game’s winning (44)_______, comes from the phrase ‘shah mat’, (45)______ ‘the king is dead’.
The rules and pieces used in the game have undergone changes over the centuries. Modem chess owes much to the Spaniard Lopez de Segura, who in 1561 wrote the first book on how to play the game. In it, he introduced the concept of ‘castling’, which had not been part of the game until then.
(41) 
A.mentioned
B.called
C.known
D.referred

III. Choose the best answer to each of the following question.
She ____ hard but also gets on well with her classmates.
A.doesn’t only study
B.studies not only   
C.not only studies   
D.not studies only

A.think 
B.therefore 
C.throughout 
D. thanks

They ________________ this house 5 years ago. (build)
A.have built
B.built
C.are built
D.will build

Why does David think he might retire early?
A.You have to be young to write computer programs.
B.He wants to stop working when he is a millionaire.
C.He thinks computer games might not always sell so well.
D.He thinks his firm might go bankrupt.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
He was very tired. However, he agreed to help me with my work.
A.As tired as he was, he agreed to help me with my work.
B.Despite being very tired, he agreed to help me with my work.
C.Because tired he was, he agreed to help me with my work.
D.Tired though he was, but he agreed to help me with my work.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
The only student who failed the exam was John.  
A.With the exception of John, everyone passed the exam.
B.Everyone, apart from John, failed the exam.
C.Together with other students, John failed the exam.
D.Everyone passed the exam.