__________(56)
A.riding  
B. displacing       
C.passing 
D.dismissing

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 71 to 80. 
We live in a world of tired, sleep deprived people. In his book Counting Sheep, Paul Martin - a behavioural biologist - describes a society which is just too busy to sleep and which does not give sleeping the importance it deserves.
Modern society has invented reasons not to sleep. We  are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must be available all hours. We spend longer hours at work than we used to, and more time getting to work.
Mobile phones and email allow us to stay in touch round the clock and late-night TV and the Internet tempt us away from our beds. When we need more time for work or pleasure, the easy solution is to sleep less. The average adult sleeps only 6.2 hours a night during the week, whereas research shows that most people need eight or even eight and a half hours' sleep to feel at their best. Nowadays, many people have got used to sleeping less than they need and they live in an almost permanent state of 'sleep debt'.
 Until the invention of the electric light in 1879 our daily cycle of sleep used to depend on the hours of daylight. People would get up with the sun and go to bed at nightfall. But nowadays our hours of sleep are mainly determined by our working hours (or our social life) and most people are woken up artificially by an alarm clock. During the day caffeine, the world's most popular drug, helps to keep us awake. 75% of the world's population habitually consume caffeine, which up to a point masks the symptoms of sleep deprivation.
What does a chronic lack of sleep do to us? As well as making us irritable and unhappy as humans, it also reduces our motivation and ability to work. This has serious implications for society in general. Doctors, for example, are often chronically sleep deprived, especially when they are on 'night call', and may get less than three hours' sleep. Lack of sleep can seriously impair their mood, judgment, and ability to take decisions. Tired engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic  results. On our roads and motorways lack of sleep kills thousands of people every year. Tests show that a tired driver can be just as dangerous as a drunken driver. However, driving when drunk is against the law but driving when exhausted isn't. As Paul Martin says, it is very ironic that we admire people who function on very little sleep instead of criticizing them for being irresponsible. Our world would be a much safer, happier place if everyone, whatever their job, slept eight hours a night. 
The writer mentions the Internet in the passage as ______. 
A.an easy solution to sleep deprivation  
B.a temptation that prevents us from sleeping 
C.a factor that is not related to sleep deprivation  
D.an ineffective means of communication

V. Read the text below and choose the correct word or phrase for each space. For each question, circle the letter you choose A, B, C or D.
  Living in the country is something (26).........people from the city often dream about. However, in reality, it has both advantages and disadvantages. There are certainly many advantages to living in the country. First of all you can enjoy (27).........and quiet. Moreover, people tend to be friendlier. A further advantage is that there is less traffic, so it is safer for young children.
   However, there are certain drawbacks to life outside the city. Firstly, because there are fewer people, you are (28).........to have few friends. In addition, entertainment is difficult to find, specially in the evening. Furthermore, the fact that there are fewer shops and services means that it is hard to find (29)......... . In conclusion, it can be seen that the country is more suitable for some people than others. On the whole, it is often the best place for those who are retired or who have young children. In (30)..................young people who have a career are better provided for in the city. 
(29) 
A.career                      
B.job                          
C.place                       
D.work

It is possible that we won‘t have to take an entrance exam this year.
A.Perhaps we don’t have to take an entrance exam this year.
B. We mustn’t take an entrance exam this year.
C.We mightn’t take an entrance exam this year.
D. It is likely that we will take an entrance exam this year.

Choose the best answer to each of the following question. 
In Mrs. Curall's office, Ruben feigned the flu. He hoped to be excused from class, get an extension on his paper, and __________.
A.spend the afternoon playing tennis with his friends
B.to spend the afternoon playing tennis with his friends
C.then to spend the afternoon playing tennis with his friends
D.

Identify the One underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.
Not until the early 1960s did the birthrate in the United States began to decline.
A.Not until 
B.did the birthrate
C.began
D.to decline

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Tim graduated with a good degree. He joined the ranks of the unemployed.
A.Tim joined the ranks of the unemployed because he graduated with a good degree.
B.If Tim graduated with a good degree, he would join the ranks of the unemployed.
C.Though Tim graduated with a good degree, he joined the ranks of the unemployed.
D.That Tim graduated with a good degree helped him join the ranks of the unemployed.

The writer thinks future IT developments will be.............................
A.more positive                     
B.more negative                      
C.more rapid                         
D.unexpected

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

A.species                    
B.themes 
C.medicines   
D.plates

Where were the imperial mammoths the dominant type of mammoth?
A.Alaska    
B.the central portion of North America
C.the southern part of North America    
D.South America