Answer
`a, 2,4 : x = 8 2/7 : 20 5/7`
`=> 12/5 : x = 58/7 : 145/7`
`=> 12/5 : x = 58/7 . 7/145`
`=> 12/5 : x = 2/5`
`=> x = 12/5 : 2/5`
`=> x = 12/5 . 5/2`
`=> x = 6`
$\text{Vậy}$ `x = 6`
__________________________
`b, 21 : 28 = (x - 2) : 40,8`
`=> 28 . (x - 2) = 21 . 40,8`
`=> 28 . (x - 2) = 856,8`
`=> (x - 2) = 856,8 : 28`
`=> x - 2 = 30,6`
`=> x = 30,6 + 2`
`=> x = 32,6`
$\text{Vậy}$ `x = 32,6`
__________________________
`c, x : 0,3 = 7,5 : x`
`=> x/{0,3} = {7,5}/x`
`=> x . x = 7,5 . 0,3`
`=> x^2 = 2,25`
`=> x^2 = (+-1,5)^2`
`=> x = +-1,5`
$\text{Vậy}$ `x \in {1,5 ; -1,5}`
________________________
`d, {x - 3}/{x + 5} = 5/7`
`=> 7 . (x - 3) = 5 . (x + 5)`
`=> 7x - 21 = 5x + 25`
`=> 7x - 5x = 25 + 21`
`=> 2x = 46`
`=> x = 46 : 2`
`=> x = 23`
$\text{Vậy}$ `x = 23`
___________________________
`e, 7/{x - 1} = {x - 1}/9`
`=> (x - 1) . (x - 1) = 7 . 9`
`=> (x - 1)^{2} = 63`
$\text{Vì}$ `(x - 1)^2 \ne 63`
`=> x \in \cancel{O}`
$\text{Vậy}$ `x \in \cancel{O}`