`a) x^64 = x`
`→ x^64 - x = 0`
` x . x^63 - x = 0`
` x . (x^63 - 1) = 0`
`→ x = 0`` hoặc` `x^63 - 1 = 0`
`x^63 - 1 = 0`
`x^63 = 1`
`→ x = 1`
`⇒ x ∈ {1; 0}`
`b) x^28 = x^5`
`→ x^28 - x^5 = 0`
` x^5 . x^23 - x^5 = 0`
` x^5 . (x^23 - 1) = 0`
`→ x^5 = 0``hoặc`` x^23 - 1 = 0`
`x^5 = 0`
`→ x = 0`
`x^23 - 1 = 0`
`x^23 = 1`
`→ x = 1`
`⇒ x ∈ {1; 0}`