Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question
Mesa Verde is the center of prehistoric Anasazi culture. It is located in the high plateus lands near Four Corners, whereColorado, Utal,New Mexico, andArizonacome together. This high ground majestic but not forbidding. The climate is dry but tiny streams trickle at the bottom of deeply cut canyons, where seeps and springs provided water for the Anasazi to irrigate their crops. Rich red soil provided fertile ground for their crops of corn, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton. The Anasazi domestated the wild turkey and hunted deer, rabbits, and mountain sheep.
For a thousand years the Anasazi lived around Mesa Verde. Although the Anasazi are not related to the Navajos, no one knows what these Indians called themselves, and so they are commonly referred to by their Navajo name, Anasazi, which means “ancient ones” in the Navajo language.
From 550 A.D., early Anasazi – then a nomadic people archaeologists call the Basketmakers- began constructing permanent homes on mesa tops. In the next 300 years , the Anasazi made rapid technological advancements, including the refinement of not only basket-making but also pottery-making and weaving. This phase of development is referred to as the Early Pueblo Culture.
By the Great Pueblo Period (1100- 1300 A.D.), the Anasazi population swelled to more than 5,000 and the architecturally ambitious cliff dwellings came into being. The Anasazi moved from the mesa tops onto ledges on the steep canyon walls, creating two- and three- story dwellings. They used sandstone blocks and mud mortar. There were no doors on the first floor and people used ladders to reach the first floor. All the villages had underground chambers called kivas. Men held tribal councils there and also used them for secret religious ceremonies and clan meetings. Wilding paths, ladders and steps cut into the stone led from the valleys below to the ledges on which the village stood. The largest settlement contained 217 rooms. One might surmise that these dwellings were built for protection, but the Anasazi had no known enemies and there is no sign of conflict.
But a bigger mystery is why the Anasazi occupied these structures such a short time. By 1300, mesa Verde was deserted. It is conjectured that the Anaszi abandoned their settlements because of drought, overpopulation, crop failure, or some combination of these. They probably moved sourthward and were incorporated into the pueblo villages that the Spanish explorers encountered 200 years later. Their descendants still live in the Southwest.
How long did the Early Puebbo Culture last?
A.1,000 years
B.550 years
C.200 years
D.300 years
