Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.
Wind, water, air, ice and heat all work to cause erosion. As the wind blows over the land, it often (6)____ small grains of sand. When these grains of sand strike against solid rocks, the rocks are slowly worn away. In this way (7) ____ very hard rocks are worn away by the wind.
            When particles of rocks or soil became loosened in any way, running water carries them down the (8) ____. Some rocks and soil particles are carried into streams and then into the sea.
            Land that is covered with trees, grass and other plants wears away very slowly, and so loses very (9) ____ of its soil. The roots of plants help to (10) ____ the rocks and soil in place. Water that falls on grasslands runs away more slowly than water that falls on bare ground. Thus, forests and grasslands (11)____ to slow down erosion.
            Even where the land is (12) ____ covered with plants, some erosion goes on. In the spring, the (13) ____ snow turns into a large quantity of water that then runs downhill in streams. (14) ____ a stream carries away some of the soil the stream bed gets deeper and deeper. (15)____ thousands of years of such erosion, wide valleys are often formed.
(11)
A.help
B.assist
C.facilitate 
D.aid

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.
Wind, water, air, ice and heat all work to cause erosion. As the wind blows over the land, it often (6)____ small grains of sand. When these grains of sand strike against solid rocks, the rocks are slowly worn away. In this way (7) ____ very hard rocks are worn away by the wind.
            When particles of rocks or soil became loosened in any way, running water carries them down the (8) ____. Some rocks and soil particles are carried into streams and then into the sea.
            Land that is covered with trees, grass and other plants wears away very slowly, and so loses very (9) ____ of its soil. The roots of plants help to (10) ____ the rocks and soil in place. Water that falls on grasslands runs away more slowly than water that falls on bare ground. Thus, forests and grasslands (11)____ to slow down erosion.
            Even where the land is (12) ____ covered with plants, some erosion goes on. In the spring, the (13) ____ snow turns into a large quantity of water that then runs downhill in streams. (14) ____ a stream carries away some of the soil the stream bed gets deeper and deeper. (15)____ thousands of years of such erosion, wide valleys are often formed.
(10)
A.stay
B.store
C.hold
D.back

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.
Wind, water, air, ice and heat all work to cause erosion. As the wind blows over the land, it often (6)____ small grains of sand. When these grains of sand strike against solid rocks, the rocks are slowly worn away. In this way (7) ____ very hard rocks are worn away by the wind.
            When particles of rocks or soil became loosened in any way, running water carries them down the (8) ____. Some rocks and soil particles are carried into streams and then into the sea.
            Land that is covered with trees, grass and other plants wears away very slowly, and so loses very (9) ____ of its soil. The roots of plants help to (10) ____ the rocks and soil in place. Water that falls on grasslands runs away more slowly than water that falls on bare ground. Thus, forests and grasslands (11)____ to slow down erosion.
            Even where the land is (12) ____ covered with plants, some erosion goes on. In the spring, the (13) ____ snow turns into a large quantity of water that then runs downhill in streams. (14) ____ a stream carries away some of the soil the stream bed gets deeper and deeper. (15)____ thousands of years of such erosion, wide valleys are often formed.
(9)
A.few
B.much
C. little
D.large

Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks.
Wind, water, air, ice and heat all work to cause erosion. As the wind blows over the land, it often (6)____ small grains of sand. When these grains of sand strike against solid rocks, the rocks are slowly worn away. In this way (7) ____ very hard rocks are worn away by the wind.
            When particles of rocks or soil became loosened in any way, running water carries them down the (8) ____. Some rocks and soil particles are carried into streams and then into the sea.
            Land that is covered with trees, grass and other plants wears away very slowly, and so loses very (9) ____ of its soil. The roots of plants help to (10) ____ the rocks and soil in place. Water that falls on grasslands runs away more slowly than water that falls on bare ground. Thus, forests and grasslands (11)____ to slow down erosion.
            Even where the land is (12) ____ covered with plants, some erosion goes on. In the spring, the (13) ____ snow turns into a large quantity of water that then runs downhill in streams. (14) ____ a stream carries away some of the soil the stream bed gets deeper and deeper. (15)____ thousands of years of such erosion, wide valleys are often formed.
(8)
A.hillsides
B.borders
C.topside
D.topsoil

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or near extinction has increased(16). Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct.
            What is alarming about the case oí the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world/s ecosystem. International laws protecting animals must be enacted to ensure their survival-and the survival of our planet.
            Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols o protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word  "alarming" in paragraph 2?
A.dangerous 
B.Serious
C.Gripping 
D.Distressing

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or near extinction has increased(16). Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct.
            What is alarming about the case oí the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world/s ecosystem. International laws protecting animals must be enacted to ensure their survival-and the survival of our planet.
            Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols o protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed
Which of the following could best replace the word 'case' as used in paragraph 2?
A.Act
B.Situation        
C.Contrast
D.Trade

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Though Edmund Halley was most famous because of his achievements as an astronomer, he was a scientist of diverse interests and great skill. (26) In addition to studying the skies, Halley was also deeply interested exploring the unknown depths of the oceans. One of his lesser-known  accomplishments that was quite remarkable was his design for a diving bell that facilitated exploration of the watery depths.
           The diving bell that Halley designed had a major advantage over the diving bells that were in use prior to his. Earlier diving bells could only make use of the air contained within the bell itself, so divers had to surface when the air inside the bell ran low. Halley's bell was an improvement in that its design allowed for an additional supply of fresh air that enabled a crew of divers to remain underwater for several hours. (30)             The diving contraption that Halley designed was in the shape of a bell that measured three feet across the top and five feet across the bottom (31. A)and could hold several divers comfortably; it was open at the bottom (31.C)so that divers could swim in and out at will. The bell was built of wood, which was first heavily tarred  to make it water repellent (31. B) and was then covered with a half-ton sheet of lead to make the bell heavy enough to sink in water. The bell shape held air inside for the divers to breathe as the bell sank to the bottom.            The air inside the bell was not the only source of air for the divers to breathe, and it was this improvement that made Halley's bell superior to its predecessors(28). In addition to the air already in the bell, air was also supplied to the divers from a lead barrel that was lowered to the ocean floor close to the bell itself.(34) Air flowed through a leather pipe from the lead barrel on the ocean floor to the bell. The diver could breath the air from a position inside the bell, or he could move around outside the bell wearing a diving suit that consisted of a lead bell-shaped helmet with a glass viewing window and a leather body suit, with a leather pipe carrying fresh air from the diving bell to the helmet. 
Which of the following best expresses the subject of this passage? 
A.Halley's work as an astronomer     
B.Haley's many different interests 
C.Halley's invention of a contraption for diving 
D.Halley's experiences as a diver

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Though Edmund Halley was most famous because of his achievements as an astronomer, he was a scientist of diverse interests and great skill. (26) In addition to studying the skies, Halley was also deeply interested exploring the unknown depths of the oceans. One of his lesser-known  accomplishments that was quite remarkable was his design for a diving bell that facilitated exploration of the watery depths.
           The diving bell that Halley designed had a major advantage over the diving bells that were in use prior to his. Earlier diving bells could only make use of the air contained within the bell itself, so divers had to surface when the air inside the bell ran low. Halley's bell was an improvement in that its design allowed for an additional supply of fresh air that enabled a crew of divers to remain underwater for several hours. (30)             The diving contraption that Halley designed was in the shape of a bell that measured three feet across the top and five feet across the bottom (31. A)and could hold several divers comfortably; it was open at the bottom (31.C)so that divers could swim in and out at will. The bell was built of wood, which was first heavily tarred  to make it water repellent (31. B) and was then covered with a half-ton sheet of lead to make the bell heavy enough to sink in water. The bell shape held air inside for the divers to breathe as the bell sank to the bottom.            The air inside the bell was not the only source of air for the divers to breathe, and it was this improvement that made Halley's bell superior to its predecessors(28). In addition to the air already in the bell, air was also supplied to the divers from a lead barrel that was lowered to the ocean floor close to the bell itself.(34) Air flowed through a leather pipe from the lead barrel on the ocean floor to the bell. The diver could breath the air from a position inside the bell, or he could move around outside the bell wearing a diving suit that consisted of a lead bell-shaped helmet with a glass viewing window and a leather body suit, with a leather pipe carrying fresh air from the diving bell to the helmet. 
The subject of the preceding passage was most likely Halley's 
A.childhood 
B.work as an astronomer 
C.many different interests 
D.invention of the diving bell

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or near extinction has increased(16). Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct.
            What is alarming about the case oí the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world/s ecosystem. International laws protecting animals must be enacted to ensure their survival-and the survival of our planet.
            Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols o protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed
Which of the folỉowing best describes the author's attitude?
A.Forgiving                   
B.Concerned     
C.Vindictive
D.Surprised

Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
            Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or near extinction has increased(16). Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct.
            What is alarming about the case oí the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world/s ecosystem. International laws protecting animals must be enacted to ensure their survival-and the survival of our planet.
            Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols o protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed
What does the term' international boycott' in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Buying and selling of animal products overseas.
B.A refusal to buy animal products worldwide
C.A global increase in animal survival.
D.Defraying the cost of maintaining national parks.