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You are going to read an extract from a magazine article about psychology. Five paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-F the one which fits each gap (36- 40). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.  Unless you're a loner, you're probably a member of many different groups. Some are long lasting, like your family, while others, such as a football crowd, are temporary. Every group functions in different ways but there are still some common psychological features to any group.(36) __________ Being part of a group changes the way you behave. The presence of others has a generally arousing effect on the nervous system. This is natural-you don't know what they will do. They may move about, speak to you, or even attack you, and your brain has to pay attention to all these messages. Having others around is just distracting. It divides your attention, so you can't focus on the task in hand.(37) __________ But when it comes to complex tasks, the prospect of not being evaluated may free you from anxiety, so encouraging you to perform better. To test this, psychologists asked volunteers to carry out a complex computer task in separate rooms. Some were told performance would be evaluated individually - causing performance anxiety - while others were told the results would be averaged with the rest of the group. As expected, the second group did better than the first. (38) __________ The problem becomes even worse when individuals are disguised with war paint or uniforms. Analysis shows that the more people there are in a mob, the greater the antisocial behaviour. Being 'submerged' within a group does have many negative connotations but it's not always a bad thing. Instead of thinking about a rowdy mob, think of relaxing, dancing and enjoying yourself at a party where you are also just a part of the crowd. (39) __________ But surprisingly, research has shown that the use of this technique by groups isn't that effective in either the number or quality of ideas generated. You get better results if you set people to work individually on a problem. We also tend to assume that decisions made by groups are better than those made by individuals, which is why we form committees. (40) __________ But any group can get a decision badly wrong because their thought processes can go awry. This is a process psychologists call 'groupthink'. A close-knit group of advisers isolated from argument and criticism can grow to believe they can do no wrong. The group then becomes more important than the individuals who are part of it. Further, a leadership style which concentrates on the group rather than the individual can contribute to this. For a group and its behaviour are shaped by who is in charge and the roles the other members play. A good front man or woman is persuasive, not directive, communicates and speaks clearly, listens well and appeals to group members' emotions and feelings as well as thoughts and ideas. Many, but not all, leaders show dominance in the group. But the dominant person in the group doesn't always make the best leader, and it isn't necessarily true that having the smartest people always makes for the most successful group. A.        This lack of individual accountability may lead to people letting go of their inhibitions - a process known as 'deindividuation'. Sometimes this is dangerous, releasing violent and impulsive behaviours that individuals would never dream of indulging in alone.  B.        They have a need for power, characterised by talking a lot, wanting to be listened to and to make decisions. In a group it can be easy to spot the dominant people. They make eye contact, point and even touch people but don't encourage return gestures. Such behaviour studies have been key in shaping business organisation. C.        For example, in general, humans are social animals, that's why we get together in groups in the first place. Important elements of our individual identity come from being part of a group. Most people enjoy being in a group - it's a way of forming emotionally satisfying relationships.  D.        But it has to be a carefully selected team, not a randomly generated group, if creative decisions are to be made. In fact, theory on team building has shown that it is better if people work in small teams of complementary pairs. Big teams don't get anything done, even though people like them.  E.        So, how does all this stimulation affect achievement? It has been argued that people do better on simple well-rehearsed activities when they're with others than when they are alone. Also, if their individual efforts within the group are not being monitored, there's a tendency to relax and merge into the crowd.  F.        Another positive feature of groups is that they generate ideas and opinions, and use these to make decisions. That's why the modern trend in teaching is for students to work in small groups to prepare presentations and why brainstorming is so popular in the work context.
Câu 1: (36) __________


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Câu 2: (37) __________


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Câu 3: (38) __________


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Câu 4: (39) __________


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Câu 5: (40) __________


A. Click vào đây để xem lời giải chi tiết

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Các câu hỏi liên quan

Read the passage, then decide if the statements that follow it are True or False. Are you looking for a cheap, clean, effective source of power that doesn’t cause pollution or waste natural resources? Look no further than solar energy from our sun. Many countries are already using solar energy. Solar panels are placed on the roof of a house and the sun’s energy is used to heat water. The energy can be stored for a number of days, so on cloudy days you can use solar energy too. Sweden has an advanced solar energy program. There, all buildings will be heated by solar energy; cars and buses will use solar power instead of gas by the year 2015.
Câu 1: Few countries in the world are ready to use solar energy.


A. True


B. False
Câu 2: We can hardly use solar energy on cloudy days.


A. True


B. False
Câu 3: Solar panels are used for water heating.


A. True


B. False
Câu 4: Some types of vehicles in Sweden will use solar power by 2015.


A. True


B. False

A.
B.
C.
D.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 35 to 44.Environmental Concerns              Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. (35) _____ human activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (36) _____ on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so just to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the (37) _____ resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (38) _____ built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (39) _____. We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (40) _____ the planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (41) _____ increasingly heavy demands on it.              The Earth's (42) _____ resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (43) _____ us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources, they will (44) _____ indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and everyone will suffer.
Câu 1:


A. Although             


B. Yet                              


C. Still                              


D. Despite
Câu 2:


A. continues             


B. repeats                         


C. follows                        


D. carries
Câu 3:


A. wastefully            


B. rapidly                         


C. lonely                          


D. quickly
Câu 4:


A. neither                 


B. sooner                         


C. rather                           


D. either
Câu 5:


A. utterly                  


B. completely                   


C. quite                            


D. greatly
Câu 6:


A. result                   


B. reaction                       


C. development               


D. product
Câu 7:


A. making                


B. doing                           


C. having                         


D. taking
Câu 8:


A. living                   


B. real                              


C. natural                         


D. genuine
Câu 9:


A. maintain              


B. stay                              


C. hold                             


D. keep
Câu 10:


A. remain                 


B. go                                


C. last                              


D. stand
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Đọc kỹ đoạn văn sau rồi  chọn phương án (A, B, C hoặc D)  để hoàn thành các chỗ trống từ 31 đến 35.Among the festivals celebrated (31)…….some of Asian people is the Moon Cake Festival, also (32)…….  as the Mid- August Festival. Large numbers of small round moon cakes are (33)…….on this day, and children enjoy (34)……colorful paper lanterns come in all shapes; the more popular ones are shaped like fish, rabbits and butterflies. According to them, the moon shines brightest at the night of the Moon Cake Festival. As the moon rises, tables are (35)……outside the house and women make offerings of fruit anf moon cakes to the Moon Goddess.
Câu 1: (31)


A. in


B. of


C. by


D. in
Câu 2: (32)


A. known


B. know


C. knew


D. knowing
Câu 3: (33)


A. eat


B. ate


C. eating


D. eaten
Câu 4: (34)


A. carry


B. carried


C. to carry


D. carrying
Câu 5: (35)


A. placed


B. place


C. placing


D. to place

A.
B.
C.
D.

V:Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the sentence which is closest in meaning to the given one.
Câu 1: He  started learning English six years ago
 


A.  He has learned English for six years


B. It was six years ago did he start learning English


C. He hasn’t learned English for six years


D. It is six years since he has learned English.
Câu 2: When the unemployment rate is high, the crime rate is usually also high.
 


A. The unemployment rate and the crime rate are both higher.


B. The higher the unemployment rate is, the higher the crime rate is.


C. The unemployment rate is as high as the crime rate.


D. The high rate of unemployment depends on the high rate of crime.
Câu 3: I wish you hadn't said that.
 


A. I wish you not to say that.       


B. If only you didn't say that.


C. I hope you will not say that.          


D. It would be nice if you hadn't said that.
Câu 4: They will buy a new house next year.
  


A. A new house is bought next year.


B. A new house will been bought next year.


C. A new house has been bought next year.


D. A new house will be bought next year.

A.
B.
C.
D.

 VII:Read the following passage then choose the one answer A, B, C or D which you think is correct.Dinosaurs were reptiles that lived during a period of earth’s history called the Mesozoic Era, which is known as the Age of Reptiles. The first dinosaurs appeared more than 200 million years ago. For many millions of years, they dominated the land with their huge size and strength. Then about 65 million years ago, they died out rather suddenly, never to reemerge.The word dinosaur comes from two Greek words meaning “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs were not lizards, but their appearance could be truly terrifying. The biggest ones weighed more than ten times as much as a mature elephant and nearly equaled the size of most modern—day whales. The famous kinds of dinosaurs, including the brontosaur and tyrannosaurus rex, reached 80 to 90 feet in length. Not all dinosaurs were giants, however, some were actually no larger than a chicken.Scientists still do not know what caused dinosaur to disappear. One theory involves a change in the earth’s climate. It is believed that temperature dropped significantly towards the end of the Cretaceous Period. Too large to hibernate and not having fur or feathers for protection, it is possible that the climate became too chilly for dinosaurs. In contrast, other species having protection, such as the mammals and birds, were able to survive.
Câu 1: What is the best title for this passage?
 


A. The History of Earth 


B.  Earth’s Largest Reptiles.


C. The Metabolism of Dinosaurs  


D. The Domination of the Land.
Câu 2: It can be inferred from the passage that the Age of Reptiles lasted about __________ .


A. 135 million years 


B. 200 million years


C. 80 million years


D. 65 million years
Câu 3: The author uses the phrase “never to reemerge” to indicate that the dinosaurs


A. went into hiding


B. became extinct


C. lost their way   


D. never died out.
Câu 4: According to the passage, what is true about the size of dinosaurs?


A. It was rather uniform    


B.  It guaranteed their survival


C. It made them the largest creatures ever on earth. 


D.  It varied quite greatly.
Câu 5: Which of the following can be inferred about mammals and birds.
 


A. They preceded the dinosaurs.


B. They could not survive the chilly temperatures


C. Most have either fur or feathers over their bodies.


D. They were too large to hibernate.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Choose the underlined part (a, b, c, or d) that is incorrect.
Câu 1: Your attendant at the meeting makes me feel very happy.


A. attendance


B. meeting


C. makes 


D. happy
Câu 2: Peter did a lot of sightsee when he was in Paris last summer.


A. did


B. sightsee


C. was


D. summer
Câu 3: Your  literary work is really a great successfull


A. Your


B. literary


C. work


D. successfull
Câu 4: Her long blond hair and her cute facial expressions made a deep impress on me.


A. blond


B. facial 


C. expressions


D.  impress
Câu 5: Her absent from work without any permission made the boss so angry that he threatened to sack her.


A. absent


B. work


C. permission


D. angry
Câu 6: When a Vietnamese wants to work part-time in Australia, he needs to get a work permission.


A. Vietnamese 


B. part-time


C. needs 


D. permission
Câu 7: Vietnam  is famous for many beautiful spots like Ha Long Bay, Sa Pa and Da Lat.


A. Vietnam 


B.  famous


C. beautiful


D. spots
Câu 8: His  interestingness in such a book really surprised me. 


A. His  


B. interestingness 


C. book


D. surprised
Câu 9: Our neighbour is quite safe. There have not been many crimes recently 


A. neighbour 


B. safe


C. crimes


D. recently 
Câu 10: He is such a friend person. He greets me with a smile every time I see him. 


A. friend


B. greets 


C. a smile 


D. time 
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Every drop of water in the ocean, even in the deepest parts, responds to the forces that create the tides. No other force that affects the sea is so strong. Compared with the tides, the waves created by the wind are surface movements felt no more than a hundred fathoms below the surface. The currents also seldom involve more than upper several hundred fathoms despite their impressive sweep.The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the pull of the Moon and the more distant Sun. In theory, there is a gravitational attraction between the water and even the outermost star of the universe. In reality, however. the pull of remote stars is so slight as to be obliterated by the control of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun,  just as the Moon rises later each day by fifty minutes, on the average, so, in most places, the time of high tide is correspondingly later each day. And as the Moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, so the height of the tide varies. The tidal movements are strongest when the Moon is a sliver in the sky, and when it is full. These are the highest flood tides and the lowest ebb tides of the lunar month and are called the spring tides. At these times, the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line and the pull of the two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches, to send its surf upward against the sea cliffs, and to draw a high tide into the harbors. Twice each month, at the quarters of the Moon, when the Sun, Moon, and Earth lie at the apexes of a triangular configuration and the pull of the Sun and Moon are opposed, the moderate tidal movements called neap tides occur. Then the difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month.
Câu 1: Neap tides occur when_____


A. the Moon is full


B. waves created by the wind combine with the Moon’s gravitational attraction


C. the Sun counteracts the Moon’s gravitational attraction


D. the Moon is farthest from the Sun
Câu 2: The word “felt” in paragraph l is closest in meaning to_______


A. detected


B. dropped


C. explored


D. based
Câu 3: It can be inferred from the passage that the most important factor in determining how much gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is_____


A. temperature


B. density


C. size


D. distance
Câu 4: What is the cause of the spring tides?


A. The Earth’s movement around the Sun.


B. The triangular arrangement of the Earth, Sun, and Moon.


C. Seasonal changes in the weather.


D. The gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon when nearly in line with the Earth.
Câu 5: The word “correspondingly" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_____


A. similarly


B. interestingly


C. unusually


D. unpredictably
Câu 6: What is the main point of the first paragraph?


A. Despite the strength of the wind, it only moves surface water.


B. The tides are the most powerful force to affect the movement of ocean water.


C. Deep ocean water is seldom affected by forces that move water.


D. The waves created by ocean currents are very large.
Câu 7:  The words “In reality" in paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to_____


A. characteristically


B. similarly


C. surprisingly


D. actually
Câu 8: Where in the passage does the author mention movements of ocean water other than those caused by tides?


A. Paragraph 1


B. The first and second sentences of paragraph 2.


C. The third and fourth sentences of paragraph 2.


D. The last two sentences of paragraph 2.
Câu 9: The word “configuration” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_______


A. surface


B. unit


C. arrangement


D. center
Câu 10: According to the passage, all of the following statements about tides are true EXCEPT______


A. neap tides are more moderate than spring tides


B. tides have a greater effect on the sea than waves do


C. the strongest tides occur at the quarters of the Moon


D. the time of high tide is later each day
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsAlaska: Animals Everywhere Animals are everywhere in Alaska. If you go out to the wild areas, you can see a lot of wild animals. Some large animals, like the caribou, live in groups, and you can see hundreds of them. You can also see other large animals, such as moose and deer. There are also bears and wolves, of course. But these animals are not really dangerous. If you stay away from them, they will stay away from you. They usually are afraid of people.Sometimes the wild animals come to areas with people. You may see deer or moose, for example, in someone's backyard. This makes the children and the tourists happy, but it's a problem for Alaskan gardeners! These animals like to eat the plants in gardens, and they walk all over the grass and flowers.A lot of people in Alaska have animals at home, too. Dogs are the favorites, especially huskies. The Eskimos used these dogs to pull sleds in the winter. Many Alaskans now keep huskies and go dog-sledding as a sport. There are competitions for the most beautiful dogs and the strongest dogs. Of course, there are dog sled races, too.
Câu 1: This article is about__________.


A. animals.


B. Alaska.


C. animals in Alaska.


D. travel in Alaska. 
Câu 2: In Alaska, you can see many____________.


A. people.


B. mountains.


C. wild animals.


D. wolves.
Câu 3: Bears and wolves usually___________.


A. kill people.


B. stay away from people.


C. stay in the mountains. 


D. like people.
Câu 4: The phrase these animals in paragraph 1 refers to________________.


A. bears and wolves.


B. moose and deer.


C. dangerous animals.


D. wild animals.
Câu 5: You can sometimes see wild animals in_______________.


A. the city park.


B. the zoo.


C. backyards.


D. people's houses.
Câu 6: Moose and deer sometimes eat_________.


A. garden plants.


B. food in the kitchens. 


C. fruit in stores.


D. tourists in cars.
Câu 7: According to the passage, moose and deer____________.


A.  are good for gardens.


B. don't go in gardens.


C. don't like gardens.


D. are bad for gardens.
Câu 8: According to the passage, many Alaskans_______________.


A. have pets.


B. don't like pets.


C. have gardens.


D. eat fruit.
Câu 9: The word sleds in the last paragraph is__________.


A. a winter sport.


B. a kind of vehicle.


C. a species of animal.


D. a sports competition.
Câu 10: It can be inferred from the passage that dogsledding________________.


A. is fun for children. 


B. stopped years ago.


C. is rery popular.


D. is a popular sport. 
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