a , \(8x^3-27=\left(2x\right)^3-3^3=\left(2x-3\right)\left(4x^2+6x+9\right)\)
b , \(-x^4y^2-16-8x^2y=-\left[\left(x^2y\right)^2+4.x^2y+4^2\right]=-\left[x^2y+4\right]^2\)
c , \(2xy-x^2-y^2+16=-\left[\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-16\right]=-\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4^2\right]=-\left[\left(x-y-4\right)\left(x-y+4\right)\right]\)