IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine eco common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.
Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.
            However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
What does the word "they" in paragraph I refers to ?
A.activities     
B.species        
C.centuries     
D.humans

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Linda rarely goes to school by bike, but today she _______ a bike.
A.rides                     
B.is riding                  
C.is going to ride     
D.will ride

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Bill is talking to his colleague.
Bill: “_______, Jack?”
Jack: “Fine! I have just got a promotion.”
A.What happened      
B.What are you doing           
C.How are you doing                 
D.How come

Which of the following best summarizes this passage?
A.When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication.
B.Everyone uses only one form of communication.
C.Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.
D.Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest.

Bill managed to get to the train station himself ______ his leg was broken.  
A.because
B. because of
C. in spite of 
D. although

Do they have the practice of “trick or treat” in Britain?
A.No.
B.Yes, they can
C.Yes, they do.
D.No, they don't

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Seth informed us of his retirement from the company. He did it when arriving at the meeting.
A.Only after his retiring from the company did Seth tell us about his arrival at the meeting.
B.Not until Seth said to us that he would leave the company did he turn up at the meeting.
C.Hardly had Seth notified us of his retiring from the company when he arrived at the meeting.
D.No sooner had Seth arrived at the meeting than we were told about his leaving the company.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
“If I hadn’t had so much work to do, I would have gone to the movies.” said the boy.
A.As the boy did not have much work to do, he went to the movies.
B.They boy said that if he hadn’t had so much work to do, he would have gone to the movies.
C. The boy explained the reason why he had so much work to do that he couldn’t go to the movies.
D.The boy didn’t want to go to the movies because he did have so much to do.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Some people say often that using cars is not so convenient as using motorbikes.
A.say often
B.using cars
C.so
D.as using motorbikes

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it seemed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators, they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so they enlarged the traditional bounds of a women's world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation.
But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. "Men do not believe us capable."  the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend. "Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job." Indeed, old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne-herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation - he was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force.
Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up - to - date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds.
Ruth Law, whose 590 - mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared, "just purely for the love of accomplishment."
(TOEFL Readings)
The word “addressed” can be best replaced by _______.
A.mailed               
B.came back to               
C. spoke to      
D.consulted