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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for over 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish - for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a sense directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.(Source: TOEFL Reading)
Câu 1: Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?


A. Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?


B. What are the differences between social and solitary insects?


C. How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?


D. Why are ants predators?
Câu 2: The word "rotting" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.


A. cultivated


B. expanding


C. collected


D. decaying
Câu 3: All of the following terms are defined in the passage EXCEPT ______.


A. predators


B. eusocial


C. caste


D. series-parallel sequence
Câu 4: The word "unique" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.


A. natural


B. habitual


C. inherited


D. singular
Câu 5: According to the passage, one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from ______.


A. a defensive to an offensive stance      


B.  a solitary task to a group task


C. one environment to another         


D. one type of food consumption to another
Câu 6: It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites ______.


A. protect their nests   


B. eat almost no animal substances


C. live above ground     


D. are eusocial
Câu 7: The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate ______.


A. the advantages of specialization   


B. the type of food that larvae are fed


C. the different stages of ant development


D. the ways ant colonies train their young for adult tasks
Câu 8: The word "they" in bold in the last paragraph refers to ______.


A. termites


B. places


C. ants


D. predators
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.Genetic modification of foods is not a new practice. It has been practiced for thousands of years under the name of "selective breeding". Animals and plants were chosen because they had traits that humans found useful. Some animals were larger and stronger than others, or they yielded more food, or they had some other trait that humans valued. Therefore, they were bred because of those traits. Individuals with those traits were brought together and allowed to breed in the hope that their offspring would have the same traits in greater measure.Much the same thing was done with plants. To produce bigger or sweeter fruit, or grow more grain per unit of land, strains of plants were combined and recombined to produce hybrids, or crossbreeds that had the desired traits in the right combinations. All the while, however, biologists wondered: is there a more direct and versatile way to change the traits of plants and animals? Could we rewrite, so to speak, the heredity of organisms to make them serve our needs better?In the 20th century, genetic modification made such changes possible at last. Now, it was possible to alter the genetic code without using the slow and uncertain process of selective breeding. It even became possible to blend plants and animals genetically: to insert animal genes into plants, for example, in order to give the plants a certain trait they ordinarily would lack, such as resistance to freezing. The result was a tremendous potential to change the very nature of biology.
Câu 1: What is the passage mainly about?


A. The arguments against genetic modification


B. The benefits brought about by genetic modification


C. The reasons behind selective breeding of plants                                        


D.  The development of genetic modification
Câu 2: The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.


A. organisms


B. traits


C. animals


D. plants
Câu 3: The word "blend" in paragraph 3 mostly means ______.                                          


A. combine


B. collect


C. gather


D. carry
Câu 4: According to the passage, selective breeding ______.                             


A.  is slower and uncertain than genetic modification


B. works much better on plants than on animals


C. helps change the traits of plants rather than animals


D. has a huge potential to change the nature of biology
Câu 5: Which of the following IS NOT achieved by genetic modification?


A. Giving plants necessary traits taken from animals’ genes


B. Producing hybrids or crossbreeds from many animals and plants   


C. Encouraging people to give up selective breeding completely                                          


D. Making big changes to the very nature of biology

A.
B.
C.
D.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.   In many countries of Northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Finland, Northern Russia, and the Baltic states, ice swimming is closely connected with the tradition of sauna, (25)______ has led to the creation of a new activity where stays in the sauna are (26)______ with quick 'pauses' in ice water. In Russia, ice swimmers are called what can be literally translated as 'walruses '. The north of Europe, (27) ______, is not the only place where winter swimming is practised regularly. A large ice swimming movement exists in the UK, based in a famous location: the Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park in London. In Harbin, Northern China, about 200,000 people ice-swim in the Songhua River every winter. The oldest ice swimming club in the United States, the Coney Island Polar Bear Club of New York, organises an annual (28) ______ on New Year's Day. In Canada, 'Polar Bear Swims; 'Plunges' or 'Dips' are a New Year's Day tradition in (29)______ communities as well, the biggest one taking place in Vancouver since 1920.
Câu 1: (25) 


A. who


B. that


C. where


D. which
Câu 2: (26) 


A. interdependent


B. intermingled


C. interactive


D. interrelated
Câu 3: (27)  


A. moreover


B. therefore


C. however


D. otherwise
Câu 4: (28) 


A. plunge


B. drainage


C. withdrawal


D. bathing
Câu 5: (29)  


A. numbering


B. numerate


C. numerable


D. numerous

A.
B.
C.
D.

VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B , C , or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.People have been hunting whales for at least a thousand years, and there were no real problems until 20th century. What happened was that fishing technology became much more efficient and the ships were much faster, so more and more whales were caught. In the 1960s the main whaling countries were killing more than sixty thousand whales a year, and everyone began to realize that something had to be done.It was environmental groups like Greenpeace that really made things change. They set out to make people aware of the fact that whales were fast becoming extinct. But even now we don’t know if all this interest has become too late. Let’s take the great blue whale for example, which at thirty to forty metres long is the biggest animal there has ever been – now there are perhaps about two thousand or so left. In fact they have been protected for quite a long time, but there is no sign that the population is growing.
Câu 1: How long have people been hunting whales?


A. for over 1000 years     


B.  since the 20th century


C. for nearly 200 years 


D. since the 1960s
Câu 2: The 20th century has brought many dangers to whales due to ________ .


A.  faster ships       


B. more dangerous fishing technology


C. longer nets   


D. more expensive equipment
Câu 3: What makes people aware of the fact that whales were fast becoming extinct?


A. Greenpeace  


B. Environmental groups


C. Main whaling countries


D. International agreement
Câu 4: Appropriately how many blue whales are there on the earth now?


A. 2,000                      


B. 30,000                    


C. 40,000                    


D. 60,000
Câu 5: Which of the following statements is NOT true about blue whale?


A. They can grow up to forty metres long. 


B.  They are the biggest animal on the earth.


C. Their population is growing fast. 


D. They have been protected for quite a long time.

A.
B.
C.
D.

III. Choose one word or phrase  that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.
Câu 1: Some marine animals are dangerous to humans.


A. in the mountain   


B. in the ocean 


C. in the forest    


D. in the house
Câu 2: We had an accidental meeting with an old friend at the party last night.


A. unpleasant                         


B. unexpected                                     


C. unlucky                              


D. unacceptable
Câu 3: _________is the variety of different types of plant and animal life in a particular region.


A. Interaction                         


B. Herbicide                            


C. Environment                       


D. Biodiversity
Câu 4: Seventy-five percent of the earth’s _________are covered by sea and oceans.


A. face                                     


B. flat                                      


C. resurface                             


D. surface
Câu 5: Oil spills are a great _________to the undersea world.


A. threat                                  


B. threaten                               


C. threatened                           


D. threateningly
Câu 6: There are various                    and animals in troppical forests.


A. plantations                          


B. planter                                 


C. plants                                  


D. plant
Câu 7: The authority supplied the victims of the fire _________food, clothes, and money.


A. on                                       


B. for                                       


C. to                                        


D. with
Câu 8: I think you                     apologize for your behaviour.


A. should                                 


B. ought                                  


C. shall                                    


D. have
Câu 9: You really _____ stop smoking, you know. It’s bad for you.


A. must                                    


B. should                                 


C. ought                                  


D. would
Câu 10: I'm not an astronaut. If I were an astronaut, I                   my camera with me on the rocket ship.               


A. will take    


B. would take               


C. had taken    


D. would have taken
Câu 11: You would study Italian if it ­­­­­­­­_____ here.


A. was teaching  


B. were taught        


C. would be taught     


D.  is taught
Câu 12: What would Tom do if he                    the truth?


A. would know  


B. has know   


C. knows                                


D. knew
Câu 13: 'Would you like some cake?'  - 'No, thanks. If I ate cake, I                  fat.'


A. will get 


B. would get        


C. could get                  


D. will get
Câu 14: Linda: Excuse me. Where should we place rubbish and plastic bags ? -  Maria: _________


A. It’s over there.    


B. Everywhere you like. 


C. Don’t worry.       


D. In proper dustbins.
Câu 15: “Do you mind if I smoke?” - “________”.


A. Yes, I  mind   


B. No, I like smoking  


C. I think you should stop smoking      


D. It’s up to you
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A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Câu 1: I didn’t get admitted to Harvard University. It would have been fantastic otherwise.


A. That I got admitted to Harvard University was fantastic.


B. If only I gained admission to Harvard University.


C. I regretted having been admitted to Harvard University.


D. I wish I had gained admission to Harvard University.
Câu 2: John got a terminal illness. He couldn’t get out of the bed on his own.


A. Such was John’s illness that he could never get out of the bed on his own.


B. John’s illness is too terminal for him to get out of the bed on his own.


C. Were it not for his terminal illness, John would be able to get out of bed on his own.


D. No sooner had John’s illness got terminal than he could not get out of the bed on his own.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Câu 1: The South of England is drier than the North.
  


A. The South of England is not as dry as the North.


B. It is drier in the North than in the South of England.


C. It is not so dry in the North as in the South of England.


D. It is less dry in the South than in the North of England.
Câu 2: "You did not tell the truth, Lucy!" said Nick.


A. Nick warned Lucy not to tell the truth.


B. Nick criticized Lucy for not telling the truth.


C. Nick accused Lucy of telling the truth.


D. Nick decided that Lucy was to blame for telling the truth.
Câu 3: The thief almost certainly came through the open windows.


A. The thief might have come through the open windows.


B. The thief should have come through the open windows.


C. The thief must have come through the open windows.


D. The thief could have come through the open windows.

A.
B.
C.
D.

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