Population size and population growth have direct effects on increasing demand for the health system. That is the driving force behind this system to thrive. However, in our country, investment in health is very low compared to the need. In addition, the uneven distribution of health care services among different segments of the population, especially between urban and rural areas; The imbalance between preventive medicine and medical treatment has reduced effectiveness of medical performance. Health care and maternal protection are strengthened to reduce infant mortality. Strengthening social and medical conditions in the care of old age contributes to reducing dependence on children, and also leads to fertility decline. Obviously, health is the industry that makes sure that the process of population reproduction is rational and effective.
On the basis of the current situation of Vietnam's population and the meaning of population settlement, the Party and State have proposed suitable population policies to improve the quality of life for each person, each family and the entire commune. Association, in line with the country's socio-economic development strategy, improve the quality of the race.

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According to the General Statistics Office, in 2006, Vietnam had about 84,155,800;  in 2008 that number was not less than 86 million, the 13th most populous country in the world.  However, along with the fluctuating trend of the world population, the Vietnamese population is also under great impact in changes in fertility, mortality, aging and migration.