__________(72)
A.smiling
B.smile
C.smileless
D.smiley

Read the passage and mark A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
In the early 1800’s, over 80 percent of the United States labor force was engaged in agriculture. Sophisticated technology and machinery were virtually nonexistent. People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise produced needed goods and commodities. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.
Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic factors. First, industry requires an abundance of natural resources, especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North American continent. Second, factories demand a large labor supply. Between the 1870’s and the First World War (1914-1918), approximately 23 million immigrants streamed to the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.
Factories also offered a reprieve from the backbreaking work and financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life, were lured to the cities by promises of steady employment, regular paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities. Others were pushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or expendable; inventions such as steel plows and mechanized harvesters allowed one farmhand to perform work that previously had required several, thus making farming capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive.
The United States economy underwent a massive transition and the nature of work was permanently altered. Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense.
What does the author mean when stating that certain inventions made farming "capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive"?
A.Workers had to be trained to operate the new machines.
B.The new inventions were not helpful for all farming activities.
C.Human labor could still accomplish as much work as the first machines.
D.Mechanized farming required more capital and fewer laborers.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
A.active
B.employ
C.dessert
D.affair

Read the passage and mark A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
In the early 1800’s, over 80 percent of the United States labor force was engaged in agriculture. Sophisticated technology and machinery were virtually nonexistent. People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise produced needed goods and commodities. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.
Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic factors. First, industry requires an abundance of natural resources, especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North American continent. Second, factories demand a large labor supply. Between the 1870’s and the First World War (1914-1918), approximately 23 million immigrants streamed to the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.
Factories also offered a reprieve from the backbreaking work and financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life, were lured to the cities by promises of steady employment, regular paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities. Others were pushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or expendable; inventions such as steel plows and mechanized harvesters allowed one farmhand to perform work that previously had required several, thus making farming capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive.
The United States economy underwent a massive transition and the nature of work was permanently altered. Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense.
According to thepassage, factor workers differed from craft workers in that factory workers _______.
A.were required to be more creative
B.worked extensively with raw materials
C.changed jobs frequently
D.specialized in one aspect of the finished product only

Read the passage and mark A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
In the early 1800’s, over 80 percent of the United States labor force was engaged in agriculture. Sophisticated technology and machinery were virtually nonexistent. People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise produced needed goods and commodities. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.
Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic factors. First, industry requires an abundance of natural resources, especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North American continent. Second, factories demand a large labor supply. Between the 1870’s and the First World War (1914-1918), approximately 23 million immigrants streamed to the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.
Factories also offered a reprieve from the backbreaking work and financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life, were lured to the cities by promises of steady employment, regular paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities. Others were pushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or expendable; inventions such as steel plows and mechanized harvesters allowed one farmhand to perform work that previously had required several, thus making farming capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive.
The United States economy underwent a massive transition and the nature of work was permanently altered. Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense.
The word “Others” in paragraph 3 refers to __________.
A.adults
B.promises
C.goods and services
D.social opportunities

Read the passage and mark A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The environment is everything that surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, water--- everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with its buildings and its noise and smells, is a far cry from that of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs in different parts of the world.
Ecology is the science of how living things exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is peaceful, the ecology of an area is in balance.
Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology than any other living things. He has poisoned the atmosphere and polluted both land and water. He has wasted the earth’s natural resources with no thought for the future, and has thought out the cruel ways of killing his fellow men--- and every other sort of life at the same time.
Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to try to put matters right--- if it is not already too late. If there is to be any solutions for our ills, that solutions lie in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better.
One of the main causes of the earth’s troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever increasing speed. At the same time we are using up our natural resources at an ever increasing speed with no hope for replacing them.
For many years the earth has been unable to provide enough food for these rapidly growing populations and the position is gradually becoming worse since the areas that were once rich have turned into deserts.
Even at this moment many of the earth’s natural treasures are being destroyed, many valuable animals and plants are being killed off, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food to prevent much of the earth’s population from hunger. The situation is getting out of hand. Time is running out. But with your help, we may be able to save ourselves. Who cares?
It can be inferred from the passage that __________
A.species of animals and plants exist together and depend on each other
B.man is a part of the natural environment
C.natural resources are being used up and man needs to conserve them.
D.controlling the population is also a necessary way to keep the ecological balance.

Read the passage and mark A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The environment is everything that surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, water--- everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with its buildings and its noise and smells, is a far cry from that of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs in different parts of the world.
Ecology is the science of how living things exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is peaceful, the ecology of an area is in balance.
Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology than any other living things. He has poisoned the atmosphere and polluted both land and water. He has wasted the earth’s natural resources with no thought for the future, and has thought out the cruel ways of killing his fellow men--- and every other sort of life at the same time.
Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to try to put matters right--- if it is not already too late. If there is to be any solutions for our ills, that solutions lie in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better.
One of the main causes of the earth’s troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever increasing speed. At the same time we are using up our natural resources at an ever increasing speed with no hope for replacing them.
For many years the earth has been unable to provide enough food for these rapidly growing populations and the position is gradually becoming worse since the areas that were once rich have turned into deserts.
Even at this moment many of the earth’s natural treasures are being destroyed, many valuable animals and plants are being killed off, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food to prevent much of the earth’s population from hunger. The situation is getting out of hand. Time is running out. But with your help, we may be able to save ourselves. Who cares?
The main purpose of the passage is to _________.
A.inform people about the science of ecology
B.urge people to do something about the environment
C.criticize some actions ofhuman beings
D.help us understand the world we live in

Read the passage and mark A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The environment is everything that surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, water--- everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with its buildings and its noise and smells, is a far cry from that of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs in different parts of the world.
Ecology is the science of how living things exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is peaceful, the ecology of an area is in balance.
Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology than any other living things. He has poisoned the atmosphere and polluted both land and water. He has wasted the earth’s natural resources with no thought for the future, and has thought out the cruel ways of killing his fellow men--- and every other sort of life at the same time.
Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to try to put matters right--- if it is not already too late. If there is to be any solutions for our ills, that solutions lie in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better.
One of the main causes of the earth’s troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever increasing speed. At the same time we are using up our natural resources at an ever increasing speed with no hope for replacing them.
For many years the earth has been unable to provide enough food for these rapidly growing populations and the position is gradually becoming worse since the areas that were once rich have turned into deserts.
Even at this moment many of the earth’s natural treasures are being destroyed, many valuable animals and plants are being killed off, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food to prevent much of the earth’s population from hunger. The situation is getting out of hand. Time is running out. But with your help, we may be able to save ourselves. Who cares?
“The environment of a town, with its buildings and its noise and smells, is a far cry from that of the countryside” ( in paragraph 1) means that _________.
A.the town is far from the countryside
B.the environment of a town is worse different from that of the countryside
C.the environment of a town is quite different from that of the countryside
D.the environment of a town can’t be compared to that of the countryside

Read the passage and mark A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The environment is everything that surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, water--- everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with its buildings and its noise and smells, is a far cry from that of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs in different parts of the world.
Ecology is the science of how living things exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is peaceful, the ecology of an area is in balance.
Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology than any other living things. He has poisoned the atmosphere and polluted both land and water. He has wasted the earth’s natural resources with no thought for the future, and has thought out the cruel ways of killing his fellow men--- and every other sort of life at the same time.
Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to try to put matters right--- if it is not already too late. If there is to be any solutions for our ills, that solutions lie in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better.
One of the main causes of the earth’s troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever increasing speed. At the same time we are using up our natural resources at an ever increasing speed with no hope for replacing them.
For many years the earth has been unable to provide enough food for these rapidly growing populations and the position is gradually becoming worse since the areas that were once rich have turned into deserts.
Even at this moment many of the earth’s natural treasures are being destroyed, many valuable animals and plants are being killed off, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food to prevent much of the earth’s population from hunger. The situation is getting out of hand. Time is running out. But with your help, we may be able to save ourselves. Who cares?
The environment is ________.
A.almost the same in the world
B.different in different countries
C.almost the same in different towns
D.different from place to place

Read the passage and mark A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the questions.
In the early twentieth century, an American woman named Emily Post wrote a book (9)_______ etiquette. This book explained the proper behavior Americans should follow in many different social situations from birthday parties to funerals. But in modern society, it is not simply to know the proper (10)______ for behavior in your own country. It is necessary for people who work or travel abroad to understand the rules of etiquette in other cultures as well.
Cultural differences can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift. In Western cultures, a gift can be given to the receiver with relatively (11)______ ceremony. When a gift is offered, the receiver usually takes the gift and expresses his or her thanks. In Chinese culture, both the giver and receiver understand that the receiver will typically refuse to take the gift several times before he or she finally accepts it. In addition, to show respect for the receiver, it is (13)_________ in several Asian cultures to use both hands when offering a gift to another person.
(12)
A.Morever
B.Otherwise
C.Therefore
D.However